严重死锁问题详细

public class DeadLockDemo {
    private static String resource_a = "A";
    private static String resource_b = "B";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        deadLock();
    }

    public static void deadLock() {
        Thread threadA = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                synchronized (resource_a) {
                    System.out.println("get resource a");
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(3000);
                        synchronized (resource_b) {
                            System.out.println("get resource b");
                        }
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        });
        Thread threadB = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                synchronized (resource_b) {
                    System.out.println("get resource b");
                    synchronized (resource_a) {
                        System.out.println("get resource a");
                    }
                }
            }
        });
        threadA.start();
        threadB.start();

    }
}

在上面的这个demo中，开启了两个线程threadA, threadB,其中threadA占用了resource_a, 并等待被threadB释放的resource _b。threadB占用了resource _b正在等待被threadA释放的resource _a。因此threadA,threadB出现线程安全的问题，形成死锁。同样可以通过jps,jstack证明这种推论：

"Thread-1":
  waiting to lock monitor 0x000000000b695360 (object 0x00000007d5ff53a8, a java.lang.String),
  which is held by "Thread-0"
"Thread-0":
  waiting to lock monitor 0x000000000b697c10 (object 0x00000007d5ff53d8, a java.lang.String),
  which is held by "Thread-1"

Java stack information for the threads listed above:
===================================================
"Thread-1":
        at learn.DeadLockDemo$2.run(DeadLockDemo.java:34)
        - waiting to lock <0x00000007d5ff53a8(a java.lang.String)
        - locked <0x00000007d5ff53d8(a java.lang.String)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)
"Thread-0":
        at learn.DeadLockDemo$1.run(DeadLockDemo.java:20)
        - waiting to lock <0x00000007d5ff53d8(a java.lang.String)
        - locked <0x00000007d5ff53a8(a java.lang.String)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)

Found 1 deadlock.

如上所述，完全可以看出当前死锁的情况。

那么，通常可以用如下方式避免死锁的情况：

避免一个线程同时获得多个锁；
避免一个线程在锁内部占有多个资源，尽量保证每个锁只占用一个资源；
尝试使用定时锁，使用lock.tryLock(timeOut)，当超时等待时当前线程不会阻塞；
对于数据库锁，加锁和解锁必须在一个数据库连接里，否则会出现解锁失败的情况