过滤器是一个实现了Filter接口的java类,通常重写init、doFilter、destroy方法,init()中可以获取web.xml中过滤器参数。在web.xml文件中可以配置多个过滤器,它们按照顺序执行具有传递性。它处于用户与web资源之间,进行某些处理。
常见应用:
1.检验用户是否登录(对于某些特定页面进行检查,判断是否登录)
首先在web.xml中配置相应的过滤器:
<filter>
<filter-name>LoginFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.imooc.filter.LoginFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>noFilterPath</param-name>
<param-value>index.jsp;login.jsp;error.jsp;LoginServlet</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>LoginFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
编写相应过滤器类,需要实现Filter接口,代码如下:
package com.imooc.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class LoginFilter implements Filter {
//用来保存初始化参数
private FilterConfig config;
public void destroy() {
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1,
FilterChain arg2) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest req=(HttpServletRequest)arg0;
HttpServletResponse resp=(HttpServletResponse)arg1;
//"noFilterPath"为web.xml中为该过滤器配置的参数,用来保存不被过滤的 jsp页面
String paths=config.getInitParameter("noFilterPath");
String []p=paths.split(";");
for (String string : p) {
if(string!=null&&!"".equals(string)){
if(req.getRequestURI().indexOf(string)!=-1){
arg2.doFilter(arg0, arg1); //放行,不进行过滤,传到下一个过滤器中
return;
}
}
}
if(req.getSession().getAttribute("username")!=null){
arg2.doFilter(arg0, arg1);
}
else{
resp.sendRedirect(req.getContextPath()+"/login.jsp");
}
}
public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
this.config=arg0;
}
}
2.编码转换(统一编码,防止乱码问题的出现,为了方便配置,可将字符集设置配置到Filter初始化参数里),方法类似,不做赘述。