C++Primer 第五版 习题答案 第五章 语句

5.1

最简单的语句时空语句，空语句只含有一个单独的分号；
如果程序的某个地方，语法上需要一条语句但逻辑上不需要，此时应该使用空语句

5.2

复合语句是指用花括号括起来的语句和声明的序列（可能为空），复合语句也被称为块

5.3

#include<iostream>

int main()
{
	int val = 1, sum = 0;
	while (val <= 10)
		sum += val, ++val;
	std::cout << sum << std::endl;
	return 0;
}

5.4

a) std::string::iterator iter =s.begin();
while(iter!=s.end()) {/…/}
b) bool status;
while(status=find(world)){/…/}
if(!status){/…/}

5.5

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<string>

using std::vector;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;

int main()
{
	vector<string>scores = { "F","D","C","B","A","A++" };
	string lettergrade;;
	int grade{};
	while (cin >> grade)
	{
		if (grade < 0 || grade>100)
		{
			cout << "out of range" << endl;
			break;
		}
			

		if (grade < 60)
		{
			lettergrade = scores[0];
		}
		else
		{
			lettergrade = scores[(grade - 50) / 10];
			if (grade != 100) {
			
				if (grade % 10 > 7)
					lettergrade += "+";
				else if (grade % 10 < 3)
					lettergrade += "-";
			}

		}
		cout << lettergrade << endl;
	}
}

5.6

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<string>

using std::vector;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;

int main()
{
	vector<string>scores = { "F","D","C","B","A","A++" };
	string lettergrade;
	int grade{};
	while (cin >> grade)
	{
		lettergrade = (grade<0||grade>100)?"out of range": grade < 60 ? scores[0] : scores[(grade - 50) / 10];
		lettergrade += (grade >= 100 || grade < 60) ? "" : (grade % 10 > 7) ? "+" : (grade % 10 < 3) ? "-" : "";
		cout << lettergrade << endl;
	}
}

5.7

(a) if (ival1 != ival2)
ival1 = ival2;
else ival1 = ival2 = 0;
(b) if (ival < minval)
{
minval = ival;
occurs = 1;
}
© int val;
if (ival = get_value())
cout << "ival = " << ival << endl;
if (!ival)
cout << “ival = 0\n”;
(d) if (ival == 0)
ival = get_value();

5.8

当一个if语句嵌套在另一个if语句中，会出现if多余else的情况，如何确定else和哪个if相匹配称为悬浮else
c++规定else与离它最近的未匹配if匹配

5.9

#include<iostream>

using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;


int main()
{
	char c{};
	int aCnt = 0, eCnt = 0, iCnt = 0, oCnt = 0, uCnt = 0;
	while (cin >> c)
	{
		if (c == 'a')
			++aCnt;
		if (c == 'e')
			++eCnt;
		if (c == 'i')
			++iCnt;
		if (c == 'o')
			++ oCnt;
		if (c == 'u')
			++uCnt;
	}

	cout << "number of vowel: a:" << aCnt << endl;
	cout << "number of vowel: e:" << eCnt << endl; 
	cout << "number of vowel: i:" << iCnt << endl;
	cout << "number of vowel: o:" << oCnt << endl;
	cout << "number of vowel: u:" << uCnt << endl;
	return 0;
}

5.10

#include<iostream>

using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

int main()
{
	char c{};
	int aCnt = 0, eCnt = 0, iCnt = 0, oCnt = 0, uCnt = 0;
	int otherCnt = 0;
	while (cin >> c)
	{
		switch (c)
		{
		case 'a':
		case 'A':
			++aCnt;
			break;
		case 'e':
		case 'E':
			++eCnt;
			break;
		case 'i':
		case 'I':
			++iCnt;
			break;
		case 'o':
		case 'O':
			++oCnt;
			break;
		case 'u':
		case 'U':
			++uCnt;
			break;

		default:
			++otherCnt;
			break;
		}
	}

	cout << "number of vowel: a:" << aCnt << endl;
	cout << "number of vowel: e:" << eCnt << endl; 
	cout << "number of vowel: i:" << iCnt << endl;
	cout << "number of vowel: o:" << oCnt << endl;
	cout << "number of vowel: u:" << uCnt << endl;
	cout << "number of other:" << otherCnt << endl;
	return 0;
}

5.11

#include<iostream>

using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

int main()
{
	char c{};
	int aCnt = 0, eCnt = 0, iCnt = 0, oCnt = 0, uCnt = 0;
	int otherCnt = 0;
	while (cin >> std::noskpws>>c)
	{
		switch (c)
		{
		case 'a':
		case 'A':
			++aCnt;
			break;
		case 'e':
		case 'E':
			++eCnt;
			break;
		case 'i':
		case 'I':
			++iCnt;
			break;
		case 'o':
		case 'O':
			++oCnt;
			break;
		case 'u':
		case 'U':
			++uCnt;
			break;

		default:
			++otherCnt;
			break;
		}
	}

	cout << "number of vowel: a:" << aCnt << endl;
	cout << "number of vowel: e:" << eCnt << endl; 
	cout << "number of vowel: i:" << iCnt << endl;
	cout << "number of vowel: o:" << oCnt << endl;
	cout << "number of vowel: u:" << uCnt << endl;
	cout << "number of other:" << otherCnt << endl;
	return 0;
}

5.12

#include<iostream>

using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

int main()
{
	char c,prec;
	int aCnt = 0, eCnt = 0, iCnt = 0, oCnt = 0, uCnt = 0;
	int tabCnt = 0, newlineCnt = 0;
	int ffCnt = 0, fiCnt = 0, flCnt = 0;
	int otherCnt = 0;
	while (cin >> std::noskipws >> c)
	{
		
		switch (c)
		{
		case 'a':
		case 'A':
			++aCnt;
			break;
		case 'e':
		case 'E':
			++eCnt;
			break;
		case 'i':
			if (prec == 'f') ++fiCnt;
		case 'I':
			++iCnt;
			break;
		case 'o':
		case 'O':
			++oCnt;
			break;
		case 'u':
		case 'U':
			++uCnt;
			break;
		case '\n':
			++newlineCnt;
			break;
		case '\t':
		case '\v':
			++tabCnt; 
			break;
		case 'f':
			if (prec == 'f') ++ffCnt;
			break;
		case 'l':
			if (prec == 'f') ++flCnt;
			break;

		default:
			++otherCnt;
			break;
		}
		prec = c;
	}

	cout << "number of vowel: a:" << aCnt << endl;
	cout << "number of vowel: e:" << eCnt << endl; 
	cout << "number of vowel: i:" << iCnt << endl;
	cout << "number of vowel: o:" << oCnt << endl;
	cout << "number of vowel: u:" << uCnt << endl;
	cout << "number of ff:" << ffCnt << endl;
	cout << "number of fi" << fiCnt << endl;
	cout << "number of fl u:" << flCnt << endl;

	cout << "number of newline:" << newlineCnt << endl;
	cout << "number of tab:" << tabCnt << endl;
	cout << "number of other:" << otherCnt << endl;
	return 0;
}

5.13

a) 加上break

    unsigned aCnt = 0, eCnt = 0, iouCnt = 0;
    char ch = next_text();
    switch (ch) {
        case 'a': aCnt++; break;
        case 'e': eCnt++; break;
        default : iouCnt++; break;
    }

b） case1 可能被略过，ix应该定义在switch外

    unsigned index = some_value();
    int ix;
    switch (index) {
        case 1:
            ix = get_value();
            ivec[ ix ] = index;
            break;
        default:
            ix = static_cast<int>(ivec.size())-1;
            ivec[ ix ] = index;
    }

c)
switch语法问题

    unsigned evenCnt = 0, oddCnt = 0;
    int digit = get_num() % 10;
    switch (digit) {
        case 1: case 3: case 5: case 7: case 9:
            oddcnt++;
            break;
        case 2: case 4: case 6: case 8: case 0:
            evencnt++;
            break;
    }

d）case标签必须是整形常量表达式：

    const unsigned ival=512, jval=1024, kval=4096;
    unsigned bufsize;
    unsigned swt = get_bufCnt();
    switch(swt) {
        case ival:
            bufsize = ival * sizeof(int);
            break;
        case jval:
            bufsize = jval * sizeof(int);
            break;
        case kval:
            bufsize = kval * sizeof(int);
            break;
    }

5.14

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using std::string;
using std::cout;
using std::cin;
using std::endl;

int main()
{
	string s,pres,max_string;
	unsigned int cnt = 1,max_cnt = 1;

	while(cin >> s)
	{
		if(s == pres)
		{
			++cnt;
		}else
		{
			if(cnt > max_cnt)
			{
				max_cnt = cnt;
				max_string = pres;
			}
			cnt = 1;
		}
		pres = s;
	}
	if(cnt > max_cnt)
	{
		max_cnt = cnt;
		max_string = pres;
	}

	(max_cnt > 1) ? (cout << max_string << ":" << max_cnt << endl) : (cout << "no repeat" << endl);
	return 0;
}

5.15

a）ix只能在for循环内使用，如果要在外部使用，需要定义在for循环外

int ix;
    for (ix = 0; ix != sz; ++ix)  { /* ... */ }
    if (ix != sz)
    // . . .

b）没有初始化语句

int ix;
    for (ix = 0; ix != sz; ++ix)  { /* ... */ }

c) 如果sz的初始值为0，则不进入循环；如果sz的初始值不为0，则需要循环体内需要有语句退出循环，否则会无休止地执行下去。

5.16

// while idiomatic
int i;
while ( cin >> i )
    // ...
 
// same as for
for (int i = 0; cin >> i;)
    // ...
 
// for idiomatic
for (int i = 0; i != size; ++i)
    // ...
 
// same as while
int i = 0;
while (i != size)
{
    // ...
    ++i;
}

更倾向于while，只需要判断条件，更简洁

5.17

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>


using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::vector;

bool func(vector<int>v1, vector<int>v2)
{
	for (decltype(v1.size()) i = 0; i != v1.size() && i != v2.size(); ++i)
	{
		if (v1[i] != v2[i])
		{
			cout << "false" << endl;
			return false;
		}
		cout << "true" << endl;
		return true;
	}
}

int main()
{
	vector<int>v1{ 0,1,1,2 };
	vector<int>v2{ 0,1,1,2,3,5,8 };
	func(v1, v2);
	
	return 0;
}

5.18

a）加花括号
b）condition使用的变量应该定义在循环体外
c）condition使用的变量应该定义在循环体外

5.19

#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;

int main()
{
	do
	{
		string s1, s2;
		cin >> s1 >> s2;
		(s1.size() > s2.size()) ? (cout << s1 << endl) : (cout << s2 << endl);
	} while (cin);
}

5.20

#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;

int main()
{
	string Str, preStr, RepeatStr;
	while (cin >> Str)
	{
		if (Str == preStr)
		{
			RepeatStr = Str;
			cout << RepeatStr << endl;
			break;
		}
		preStr = Str;
	}

	if (preStr.empty())
	{
		cout << "no repeat" << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

5.22

do 
{int sz = get_size()}
while(sz<=0);

5.23

#include<iostream>

int main()
{
	int i1, i2;
	std::cin >> i1 >> i2;
	std::cout << i1 / i2 << std::endl

}

5.24

#include<iostream>
#include<stdexcept>

int main()
{
	int i1, i2;
	std::cin >> i1 >> i2;
	if (i2 == 0)
	{
		throw std::runtime_error("divisor can not be 0");
	}
	else
	{
		std::cout << i1 / i2 << std::endl;

	}
	return 0;
}

terminate终止，未经处理的异常

5.25

#include<iostream>
#include<stdexcept>

int main()
{
	int i1, i2;
	while (std::cin >> i1 >> i2)
	{
		try {
			if (i2 == 0)
			{
				throw std::runtime_error("divisor can not be 0");
			}
			std::cout << i1 / i2 << std::endl;
		}
		catch (std::runtime_error e)
		{
			std::cout << e.what() << "\ntry again? enter y or no" << std::endl;
			char c;
			std::cin >> c;
			if (!std::cin || c == 'n') break;

		}
	}
	
	return 0;
}

1 0
divisor can not be 0
try again? enter y or no
y
2 0
divisor can not be 0
try again? enter y or no
n