JavaWeb中HttpSession中表单的重复提交

表单的重复提交

• 重复提交的情况：
  ①. 在表单提交到一个 Servlet，而 Servlet 又通过请求转发的方式响应了一个 JSP（HTML）页面，此时地址栏还保留着 Servlet 的那个路径，在响应页面点击 “刷新”。
  ②. 在响应页面没有到达时，重复点击 “提交按钮”
  ③. 点击返回，再点击提交

• 不是重复提交的情况：点击 “返回”，“刷新” 原表单页面，再点击提交。

• 如何避免表单的重复提交：在表单中做一个标记，提交到 Servlet 时，检查标记是否存在且和预定义的标记一样，若一致，则受理请求，并销毁标记，若不一致或没有标记，则直接响应提示信息：“重复提交”
  ①仅提供一个隐藏域不行：<input type="hidden" name="token" value="lsy">
  ②把标记放在 Request 中 , 行不通，表单页面刷新后，request 已经被销毁，再提交表单是一个新的 request 的。
  ③把标记放在 Session 中，可以
  1. 在原表单页面，生成一个随机值 token
  2. 在原表单页面，把 token 值放入 session 属性中
  3. 在原表单页面，把 token 值放入到隐藏域
  4. 在目标的 Servlet 中：获取 session 和隐藏域中的 token 值
  比较两个值是否一致，受理请求，且把 session 域中的 token 属性清除，若不一致，则直接响应提示页面：“重复提交”

我们可以通过 Struts1 中写好的类 TokenProcessor 来重构代码, 面向组件编程

package com.lsy.javaweb;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

public class TokenProcessor {
    private static final String TOKEN_KEY = "TOKEN_KEY";

    private static final String TRANSACTION_TOKEN_KEY = "TRANSACTION_TOKEN_KEY";

    /**
     * The singleton instance of this class.
     */
    private static TokenProcessor instance = new TokenProcessor();

    /**
     * The timestamp used most recently to generate a token value.
     */
    private long previous;

    /**
     * Protected constructor for TokenProcessor. Use
     * TokenProcessor.getInstance() to obtain a reference to the processor.
     */
    protected TokenProcessor() {
        super();
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the singleton instance of this class.
     */
    public static TokenProcessor getInstance() {
        return instance;
    }

    /**
     * <p>
     * Return <code>true</code> if there is a transaction token stored in the
     * user's current session, and the value submitted as a request parameter
     * with this action matches it. Returns <code>false</code> under any of the
     * following circumstances:
     * </p>
     *
     * <ul>
     *
     * <li>No session associated with this request</li>
     *
     * <li>No transaction token saved in the session</li>
     *
     * <li>No transaction token included as a request parameter</li>
     *
     * <li>The included transaction token value does not match the transaction
     * token in the user's session</li>
     *
     * </ul>
     *
     * @param request
     *            The servlet request we are processing
     */
    public synchronized boolean isTokenValid(HttpServletRequest request) {
        return this.isTokenValid(request, false);
    }

    /**
     * Return <code>true</code> if there is a transaction token stored in the
     * user's current session, and the value submitted as a request parameter
     * with this action matches it. Returns <code>false</code>
     *
     * <ul>
     *
     * <li>No session associated with this request</li>
     * <li>No transaction token saved in the session</li>
     *
     * <li>No transaction token included as a request parameter</li>
     *
     * <li>The included transaction token value does not match the transaction
     * token in the user's session</li>
     *
     * </ul>
     *
     * @param request
     *            The servlet request we are processing
     * @param reset
     *            Should we reset the token after checking it?
     */
    public synchronized boolean isTokenValid(HttpServletRequest request, boolean reset) {
        // Retrieve the current session for this request
        HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);

        if (session == null) {
            return false;
        }

        // Retrieve the transaction token from this session, and
        // reset it if requested
        String saved = (String) session.getAttribute(TRANSACTION_TOKEN_KEY);

        if (saved == null) {
            return false;
        }

        if (reset) {
            this.resetToken(request);
        }

        // Retrieve the transaction token included in this request
        String token = request.getParameter(TOKEN_KEY);

        if (token == null) {
            return false;
        }

        return saved.equals(token);
    }

    /**
     * Reset the saved transaction token in the user's session. This indicates
     * that transactional token checking will not be needed on the next request
     * that is submitted.
     *
     * @param request
     *            The servlet request we are processing
     */
    public synchronized void resetToken(HttpServletRequest request) {
        HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);

        if (session == null) {
            return;
        }

        session.removeAttribute(TRANSACTION_TOKEN_KEY);
    }

    /**
     * Save a new transaction token in the user's current session, creating a
     * new session if necessary.
     *
     * @param request
     *            The servlet request we are processing
     */
    public synchronized String saveToken(HttpServletRequest request) {
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        String token = generateToken(request);

        if (token != null) {
            session.setAttribute(TRANSACTION_TOKEN_KEY, token);
        }
        return token;
    }

    /**
     * Generate a new transaction token, to be used for enforcing a single
     * request for a particular transaction.
     *
     * @param request
     *            The request we are processing
     */
    public synchronized String generateToken(HttpServletRequest request) {
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();

        return generateToken(session.getId());
    }

    /**
     * Generate a new transaction token, to be used for enforcing a single
     * request for a particular transaction.
     *
     * @param id
     *            a unique Identifier for the session or other context in which
     *            this token is to be used.
     */
    public synchronized String generateToken(String id) {
        try {
            long current = System.currentTimeMillis();

            if (current == previous) {
                current++;
            }

            previous = current;

            byte[] now = new Long(current).toString().getBytes();
            MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");

            md.update(id.getBytes());
            md.update(now);

            return toHex(md.digest());
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Convert a byte array to a String of hexadecimal digits and return it.
     *
     * @param buffer
     *            The byte array to be converted
     */
    private String toHex(byte[] buffer) {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(buffer.length * 2);

        for (int i = 0; i < buffer.length; i++) {
            sb.append(Character.forDigit((buffer[i] & 0xf0) >> 4, 16));
            sb.append(Character.forDigit(buffer[i] & 0x0f, 16));
        }

        return sb.toString();
    }
}