开闭原则
定义:对扩展开放,对修改源码关闭,用抽象构建框架,用实现扩展细节;
优点:提高系统的扩展性,可利用性、可维护性;
核心:面向抽象编程,其它设计原则的基础
下面是一个例子
1.创建一个抽象类ICourse
package com.maomao.design.principle.openclose;
public interface ICourse {
Integer getId();
String getName();
Double getPrice();
}
-
创建一个类JavaCourse 实现(implements) ICourse这个抽象类
package com.maomao.design.principle.openclose; public class JavaCourse implements ICourse { private Integer Id; private String name; private Double price; public JavaCourse(Integer id, String name, Double price) { Id = id; this.name = name; this.price = price; } @Override public Integer getId() { return this.Id; } @Override public String getName() { return this.name; } @Override public Double getPrice() { return this.price; } }
3 当我们需要要对JavaCourse进行功能扩展时,比如这门课需要打折时,不改变代码的基础上以它的子类来扩展其功能即可,创建一个JavaDiscountCourse 继承 JavaCourse
package com.maomao.design.principle.openclose;
public class JavaDiscountCourse extends JavaCourse {
public JavaDiscountCourse(Integer id, String name, Double price) {
super(id, name, price);
}
public Double getDiscountPrice(){
return super.getPrice()*0.8;
}
}
4 创建一个测试类TestMain来测试一下;
package com.maomao.design.principle.openclose;
public class MainTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ICourse iCourse = new JavaDiscountCourse(96, "Java从零到企业级电商开发", 348d);
JavaDiscountCourse javaCourse = (JavaDiscountCourse) iCourse;
System.out.println("课程ID:" + javaCourse.getId() + " 课程名称:" + javaCourse.getName() + " 课程原价:" + javaCourse.getPrice() + " 课程折后价格:" + javaCourse.getDiscountPrice() + "元");
}
}
结果如下:
课程ID:96 课程名称:Java从零到企业级电商开发 课程原价:348.0 课程折后价格:278.40000000000003元