ES6 新特性

1.关于使用let与const规则:

• 使用let声明的变量可以重新赋值,但是不能在同一作用域内重新声明
• 使用const声明的变量必须赋值初始化,但是不能在同一作用域类重新声明也无法重新赋值.

2.模板字面量本质上是包含嵌入式表达式的字符串字面量.
   模板字面量用倒引号 ( `` )（而不是单引号 ( '' ) 或双引号( "" )）表示，可以包含用 ${expression} 表示的占位符

3.解构

在ES6中,可以使用解构从数组和对象提取值并赋值给独特的变量

const gemstone = {
  type: 'quartz',
  color: 'rose',
  karat: 21.29
};
const {type, color, karat} = gemstone;
console.log(type, color, karat);

 4.对象字面量简写法

let type = 'quartz';
let color = 'rose';
let carat = 21.29;

const gemstone = {
  type: type,
  color: color,
  carat: carat
};

console.log(gemstone);

5.for...of循环

for...of 循环用于循环访问任何可迭代的数据类型

6.展开运算符

const books = ["Don Quixote", "The Hobbit", "Alice in Wonderland", "Tale of Two Cities"];
console.log(...books);

7.ES6箭头函数

const upperizedNames = ['Farrin', 'Kagure', 'Asser'].map(
  name => name.toUpperCase()
);

8.Javascript类

class Plane {
  constructor(numEngines) {
    this.numEngines = numEngines;
    this.enginesActive = false;
  }
  static badWeather(planes) {
    for (plane of planes) {
      plane.enginesActive = false;
    }
  }
  startEngines() {
    console.log('starting engines…');
    this.enginesActive = true;
  }
}

9.super 和 extends

class Tree {
  constructor(size = '10', leaves = {spring: 'green', summer: 'green', fall: 'orange', winter: null}) {
    this.size = size;
    this.leaves = leaves;
    this.leafColor = null;
  }

  changeSeason(season) {
    this.leafColor = this.leaves[season];
    if (season === 'spring') {
      this.size += 1;
    }
  }
}

class Maple extends Tree {
  constructor(syrupQty = 15, size, leaves) {
    super(size, leaves); //super用作函数
    this.syrupQty = syrupQty;
  }

  changeSeason(season) {
    super.changeSeason(season);//super用作对象
    if (season === 'spring') {
      this.syrupQty += 1;
    }
  }

  gatherSyrup() {
    this.syrupQty -= 3;
  }
}