IOS开发Swift笔记04-流程控制

if-else

let age = 10
if age>=22 {
    print("可结婚")
}
else if age>=18{
    print("成年")
}
else if age>7{
    print("少年")
}
else{
    print("小孩")
}
/**
 if后面的条件是bool类型
 if后面的条件可以省略小括号
 条件后面大括号不可以省略
 */

while

var num = 5
while num>0 {
    print("num is \(num)")
    num -= 1
} // 打印了5次
/**
 这里不用--，是因为Swift3开始，去除了自增++，自减--，运算符
 */


num = -2
repeat{
    print("num is \(num)")
   
}while num>0 // 打印一次

/**
 repeat-while相当于C语言中的do-while
条件表达式出现在循环的尾部，所以循环中的 statement(s) 会在条件被测试之前至少执行一次。
如果条件为 true，控制流会跳转回上面的 repeat，然后重新执行循环中的 statement(s)。这个过程会不断重复，直到给定条件变为 false 为止。
数字 0, 字符串 '0' 和 "", 空的 list(), 及未定义的变量都为 false ，其他的则都为 true。true 取反使用 ! 号或 not，取反后返回 false。
 */

for

/**
 闭区间运算符：a...b， a <= 取值 <= b
 */
let names = ["Anna", "Alex", "Brian", "Jack"]
for i in 0...3 {
    print(names[i])
} // Anna Alex Brian Jack


/// i默认是let，有需要时可以声明成var
for var i in 0...3{
    i += 5
    print(i)
}// 6 7 8

let range = 1...3
for i in range {
    print(names[i])
}// Alex Brian Jack

let a=1
let b=2
for i in a...b{
    print(names[i])
}// Alex Brian

for i in a...3{
    print(names[i])
}// Alex Brian Jack

for _ in 0...3{
    print("for")
}// 打印三次for

/**
 半开区间运算符：a..<b， a <= 取值 < b
 */
for i in 1..<5 {
    print(i)
}// 1 2 3 4 5


/**
 for - 区间运用在数组上
 单侧区间：让区间朝一个方向尽可能的远
 */
for name in names[0...3]{
    print(name)
}// Anna Alex Brian Jack

for name in names[2...]{
    print(name)
}// Brian Jack

for name in names[...2]{
    print(name)
}// Anna Alex Brian

for name in names[..<2]{
    print(name)
}// Anna Alex


let rangeS = ...5
rangeS.contains(8) // false
rangeS.contains(6) // false
rangeS.contains(2) // true
rangeS.contains(-2) // true

/**
 区间类型
 */
let range1: ClosedRange<Int> = 1...3
let range2: Range<Int> = 0..<3
let range3: PartialRangeThrough<Int> = ...5

// 字符、字符串也能使用区间运算符，但默认不能用在for-in中
let stringRange1 = "cc"..."ff" // ClosedRange<String>
stringRange1.contains("cb") // false
stringRange1.contains("dz") // true
stringRange1.contains("fg") // false

let stringRange2 = "a"..."f"
stringRange2.contains("d") // true
stringRange2.contains("h") // false

// \0到~囊括了所有可能要用到的ASCII字符
let characterRange: ClosedRange<Character> = "\0"..."~"
characterRange.contains("G") // true

// 带间隔的区间值
let hours = 11
let hourInterval = 2
for tickMark in stride(from: 1, to: hours, by: hourInterval){
    print("tickMark=", tickMark)
}// 1 3 5 7 9

for tickMark in stride(from: 1, through: hours, by: hourInterval){
    print("tickMark=", tickMark)
}// 1 3 5 7 9 11

/**
 from，to，最后一个值将会严格小(大)于to的值
 from，through，最后一个值将会小(大)于等于through的值
 */

switch

var number = 1
switch number {
case 1:
    print("number is 1")
    break
case 2:
    print("number is 2")
    break
default:
    print("number is other")
    break
}// number is 1

switch number {
case 1:
    print("number is 1")
case 2:
    print("number is 2")
default:
    print("number is other")
}// number is 1

/**
默认可以不写break，并不会贯穿到后面的条件
case、default后面不能写大括号{}
 */

//使用fallthrough可以实现贯穿效果
switch number {
case 1:
    print("number is 1")
    fallthrough
case 2:
    print("number is 2")
default:
    print("number is other")
}
// number is 1
// number is 2


/**
 注意点：
 switch必须保证能处理所有情况
 如果能保证已处理所有情况，也可以不加default
 case/default后面至少要有一条语句，如果不想做任何事情加break即可
 */
switch number {
case 1:
    print("number is 1")
case 2:
    print("number is 2")
default:
    break
}


enum Answer { case right, wrong }
let answer = Answer.right
switch answer {
case Answer.right:
    print("right")
case Answer.wrong:
    print("wrong")
}

// 由于已确定answer是Ansewer类型，因此可以省略Answer
switch answer {
case .right:
    print("right")
case .wrong:
    print("wrong")
}

/**
 符合条件
 switch也支持Character、String类型
 */
let string = "Jack"
switch string {
case "Jack":
    fallthrough
case "Rose":
    print("Right person")
default:
    break
}// Right person

let character: Character = "a"
switch character {
case "a","A":
    print("is A")
case "b", "B":
    print("is B")
case "c","C":
    print("is C")
default:
    print("is other")
}// The letter A

switch string {
case "Jack", "Rose":
    print("Right person")
default:
   break
} // Right person

// 区间匹配、元组匹配
let count = 62
switch count {
case 0:
    print("none")
case 1..<5:
    print("a few")
case 5..<12:
    print("several")
case 12..<100:
    print("dozens of")
case 100..<1000:
    print("hundreds of")
default:
    print("many")
} // dozens of

let point = (1, 1)
switch point {
case (0, 0):
    print("the origin")
case (_, 0):
    print("on the x-axis")
case (0, _):
    print("on the y-axis")
case (-2...2, -2...2):
    print("inside the box")
default:
    print("outside of the box")
} // inside the box

 // 值绑定
let point1 = (2, 0)
switch point1 {
case (let x, 0):
   print("on the x-axis with an x value of \(x)")
case (0, let y):
   print("on the y-axis with a y value of \(y)")
case let (x, y):
   print("somewhere else at (\(x), \(y))")
} // on the x-axis with an x value of 2

/**
可以使用下划线 _ 忽略某个值
关于case匹配问题，属于模式匹配（Pattern Matching）的范畴，以后会再次详细展开学习值绑定
 */

where

let point = (1, -1)
switch point {
case let (x, y) where x==y:
   print("on the line x == y == \(x)")
case (let x, let y) where x == -y:
   print("on the line x == -y")
case let (x, y):
   print("(\(x), \(y)) is just some arbitrary point")
} // on the line x == -y

// 将所有正数加起来
var numbers = [10, 20, -10, -20, 30, -30]
var sum = 0
for num in numbers where num>0{
    sum += num
}
print(sum)

标签语句

// 标签语句
outer: for i in 1...4 {
    for k in 1...4 {
        if k == 3 {
            continue outer
        }
        if i == 3 {
            break outer
        }
        print("i == \(i), k == \(k)")
    }
}
/**
 i == 1, k == 1
 i == 1, k == 2
 i == 2, k == 1
 i == 2, k == 2
 */