keepalived

最新推荐文章于 2022-09-02 10:35:30 发布
最新推荐文章于 2022-09-02 10:35:30 发布
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_25289427/article/details/78394223
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#

keepalived
keepalived–高可用集群
在生产环境中，有些服务是不能中断的，这时候我们就需要用到集群环境，而调度器lvs和nginx的反向代理也需要高可用性，所以这里我们需要用到keepalived

###**keepalived **
使用的是虚拟路由冗余协议 ，实现虚拟的路由冗余。
过多的理论不多讲，直接上示例。

###示例
####一.使用keepalived进行lvs主备的调度
这里写图片描述

  1. 首选我们从最底层的RS开始配置 （开始前关闭iptables 及 selinux）
[root@localhost ~]# cat lvs_dr_rs.sh 
#!/bin/bash
vip=192.168.3.100                   --> 标明DR的VIP地址
mask='255.255.255.255'
dev=lo:1

case $1 in
start)
    echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
    echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
    echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
    echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
    ifconfig $dev $vip netmask $mask broadcast $vip up
    echo "The RS Server is Ready!"
    ;;
stop)
    ifconfig $dev down
    echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
    echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
    echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
    echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
    echo "The RS Server is Canceled!"
    ;;
*) 
    echo "Usage: $(basename $0) start|stop"
    exit 1
    ;;
esac

2.keepalived 主配置 192.168.3.11

[root@localhost ~]# yum install keepalived         ---> 直接yum 安装 keepalived 包
[root@localhost ~]#vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
  1 ! Configuration File for keepalived 
  2  
  3 global_defs {
  4    notification_email {
  5        root@localhost                          ---> 定义收件邮件
  6    }
  7    notification_email_from root@localhost      --->定义发件邮箱
  8    smtp_server 127.0.0.1                       --->邮箱IP
  9    smtp_connect_timeout 30                     --->邮箱超时是间
 10    router_id LVS1                              --->配置全局的路由名称
 11    vrrp_mcast_group 224.100.100.100            --->多播地址 如果不设备默认地址是224.0.0.18
 12 }
 13 
 14 vrrp_instance VI_1 {                           --->这里给vrrp起个名字
 15     state MASTER                               --->这里设置vrrp的主备关系
 16     interface eth0                             --->对应在哪个接口上
 17     virtual_router_id 88                       --->vrrp的id号
 18     priority 100                               --->些设备的vrrp优先级
 19     advert_int 1                               --->vrrp的通告时间间隔
 20     authentication {                           --->vrrp的验证
 21         auth_type PASS                         --->密码验证类型
 22         auth_pass 12121212                     --->设置的密码
 23     }
 24     virtual_ipaddress {                        --->设置lvs的VIP
 25         192.168.3.100/24 dev eth0 label eth0:0 --->我们直接把VIP设置在eth0上
 26     }
 27 }
 28 
 29 virtual_server 192.168.3.100 80 {              --->绑定的vrrpIP端口信息应用到lvs上
 30     delay_loop 3                               --->检查后端服务器时间间隔3秒
 31     lb_algo rr                                 --->设置调度算法
 32     lb_kind DR                                 --->设置集群类型
 33     protocol TCP
 34 
 35     real_server 192.168.3.1 80 {               --->这里我们设置RS的地址，有几台RS添几台
 36         weight 1                               --->添加权重
 37         HTTP_GET {                             --->使用http进行服务器的状态验证
 38             url {                              --->定义默认的usr访问
 39               path /                           
 40               status_code 200                  --->验证返回的状态值是否为200 如果不是就T掉些RS 
 41             }
 42             connect_timeout 3                  --->设置连接超时时间 3秒
 43             nb_get_retry 3                     
 44             delay_before_retry 3
 45         }
 46     }
 47 
 48     real_server 192.168.3.2 80 {
 49         weight 1
 50         HTTP_GET {
 51             url {
 52               path /
 53               status_code 200 
 54             }
 55             connect_timeout 3
 56             nb_get_retry 3
 57             delay_before_retry 3
 58         }
 59     }
 60 }

3.keepalived 备配置 192.168.3.12

  1 ! Configuration File for keepalived
  2 
  3 global_defs {
  4    notification_email {
  5        root@localhost
  6    }
  7    notification_email_from root@localhost
  8    smtp_server 127.0.0.1
  9    smtp_connect_timeout 30
 10    router_id LVS1
 11    vrrp_mcast_group 224.100.100.100
 12 }
 13 
 14 vrrp_instance VI_1 {
 15     state BACKUP                       --->这里我们配为BACKUP
 16     interface eth0
 17     virtual_router_id 88
 18     priority 80                        --->备的优选级调低
 19     advert_int 1
 20     authentication {
 21         auth_type PASS
 22         auth_pass 12121212
 23     }
 24     virtual_ipaddress {
 25         192.168.3.100/24 dev eth0 label eth0:0
 26     }
 27 }
 28 
 29 virtual_server 192.168.3.100 80 {
 30     delay_loop 3
 31     lb_algo rr
 32     lb_kind DR
 33     protocol TCP
 34 
 35     real_server 192.168.3.1 80 {
 36         weight 1
 37         HTTP_GET {
 38             url {
 39               path /
 40               status_code 200
 41             }
 42             connect_timeout 3
 43             nb_get_retry 3
 44             delay_before_retry 3
 45         }
 46     }
 47 
 48     real_server 192.168.3.2 80 {
 49         weight 1
 50         HTTP_GET {
 51             url {
 52               path /
 53               status_code 200
 54             }
 55             connect_timeout 3
 56             nb_get_retry 3
 57             delay_before_retry 3
 58         }
 59     }
 60 }

4.测试：

[root@station1 ~]# curl 192.168.3.100
this is 3.2 page
[root@station1 ~]# curl 192.168.3.100
this is 3.1 page
[root@station1 ~]# curl 192.168.3.100
this is 3.2 page
[root@station1 ~]# curl 192.168.3.100
this is 3.1 page
[root@station1 ~]# curl 192.168.3.100
this is 3.2 page
[root@station1 ~]# curl 192.168.3.100
this is 3.1 page

[root@localhost ~]# tcpdump -i eth0 -nn host 224.0.0.18
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
17:03:03.588389 IP 192.168.3.11 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 100, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
17:03:04.589769 IP 192.168.3.11 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 100, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
17:03:05.265369 IP 192.168.3.11 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 0, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20         --->当我们把主的那台keepalived服务关闭后，主的优选级降为0
17:03:05.954910 IP 192.168.3.12 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 80, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20         --->这时候备的接收到主的优选级为0后开始接管
17:03:06.956057 IP 192.168.3.12 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 80, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
17:03:07.957407 IP 192.168.3.12 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 80, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
17:03:23.971653 IP 192.168.3.12 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 80, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
17:03:24.973304 IP 192.168.3.12 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 80, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
17:03:25.974527 IP 192.168.3.12 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 80, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
17:03:25.974686 IP 192.168.3.11 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 100, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20         --->当我们开启了主的服务后，主又开始发通告信息了
17:03:25.975042 IP 192.168.3.12 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 80, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20         --->当主发通告信息后备的看到自己的优选级比不过主就不发通告了
17:03:25.975177 IP 192.168.3.11 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 100, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20         --->这里候主抢占成功
17:03:26.977253 IP 192.168.3.11 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 100, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
17:03:27.977924 IP 192.168.3.11 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 100, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20

####二.使用keepalived进行lvs主主的调度
这里写图片描述
1.RS的配置 （由于电脑不能带起过多的虚拟机，所以只能做到之前100的RS里）

[root@localhost ~]# vim lvs_dr_rs.sh 
mask='255.255.255.255'
#!/bin/bash
vip=192.168.3.100
vip2=192.168.3.200
mask='255.255.255.255'
dev=lo:1
dev2=lo:2

case $1 in
start)
    echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
    echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
    echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
    echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
    ifconfig $dev $vip netmask $mask broadcast $vip up
    ifconfig $dev2 $vip2 netmask $mask broadcast $vip2 up
    echo "The RS Server is Ready!"
    ;;
stop)
    ifconfig $dev down
    ifconfig $dev2 down
    echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
    echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
    echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
    echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
    echo "The RS Server is Canceled!"
    ;;
*)
    echo "Usage: $(basename $0) start|stop"
    exit 1
    ;;
esac

2.192.168.3.11 的配置

[root@localhost keepalived]# cat keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
       root@localhost
   }
   notification_email_from root@localhost
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS1
   vrrp_mcast_group 224.100.100.100
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 88
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 12121212
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.3.100/24 dev eth0 label eth0:0
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.3.100 80 {
    delay_loop 3
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.3.1 80 {
        weight 1
        HTTP_GET {
            url {
              path /
              status_code 200 
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.3.2 80 {
        weight 1
        HTTP_GET {
            url {
              path /
              status_code 200 
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
vrrp_instance VI_2 {                -->重新定义一个VRRP的配置
    state BACKUP                    -->这里我们配置的是备用
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 98            -->通告的ID不能和之前的相同
    priority 80                     -->备用的通告优先级不能高于主
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 21212121
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.3.200/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1       -->这里的网卡绑在eth0:1上
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.3.200 80 {                    -->这里我们定义的VIP的地址
    delay_loop 3
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.3.1 80 {
        weight 1
        HTTP_GET {
            url {
              path /
              status_code 200 
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.3.2 80 {
        weight 1
        HTTP_GET {
            url {
              path /
              status_code 200 
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

3.192.168.3.12的配置

[root@CentOS6 keepalived]#cat keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
       root@localhost
   }
   notification_email_from root@localhost
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS1
   vrrp_mcast_group 224.100.100.100
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 88
    priority 80
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 12121212
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.3.100/24 dev eth0 label eth0:0
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.3.100 80 {
    delay_loop 3
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.3.1 80 {
        weight 1
        HTTP_GET {
            url {
              path /
              status_code 200 
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.3.2 80 {
        weight 1
        HTTP_GET {
            url {
              path /
              status_code 200 
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
vrrp_instance VI_2 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 98
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 21212121
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.3.200/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.3.200 80 {
    delay_loop 3
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.3.1 80 {
        weight 1
        HTTP_GET {
            url {
              path /
              status_code 200 
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.3.2 80 {
        weight 1
        HTTP_GET {
            url {
              path /
              status_code 200 
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

4.测试及查看抓包信息

[root@station1 mail]# curl 192.168.3.100
this is 3.1 page
[root@station1 mail]# curl 192.168.3.100
this is 3.2 page
[root@station1 mail]# curl 192.168.3.100
this is 3.1 page
[root@station1 mail]# curl 192.168.3.100
this is 3.2 page
[root@station1 mail]# curl 192.168.3.100
this is 3.1 page
[root@station1 mail]# curl 192.168.3.100
this is 3.2 page
[root@station1 mail]# curl 192.168.3.200
this is 3.2 page
[root@station1 mail]# curl 192.168.3.200
this is 3.1 page
[root@station1 mail]# curl 192.168.3.200
this is 3.2 page
[root@station1 mail]# curl 192.168.3.200
this is 3.1 page

[root@localhost ~]# tcpdump -i eth0 -nn host 224.0.0.18
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
17:28:05.436459 IP 192.168.3.11 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 100, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
17:28:05.501952 IP 192.168.3.12 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 98, prio 100, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
17:28:06.436944 IP 192.168.3.11 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 100, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
17:28:06.502715 IP 192.168.3.12 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 98, prio 100, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
17:28:07.437864 IP 192.168.3.11 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 100, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
17:28:07.503495 IP 192.168.3.12 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 98, prio 100, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
17:28:08.438457 IP 192.168.3.11 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 100, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
17:28:08.505272 IP 192.168.3.12 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 98, prio 100, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20                 --> 这里可以看到11就VRID 88的主 12为VRID 98的主

####三.使用keepalived进行nginx主备的调度
1.主的192.168.3.11的配置

-----------------------------------------------------------------------Nginx  的配置
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# For more information on configuration, see:
#   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
#   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/

user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;

# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    upstream websrvs {
         server 192.168.3.1:80 weight=2;
         server 192.168.3.2:80 weight=1;
         
}    
    server {
         listen 192.168.3.100:80;
         root /app/site1;
       location / {
         proxy_pass http://websrvs;
  }
}
    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
    # for more information.
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

---------------------------------------------------------------------------keepalived配置
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
! Configuration: 
global_defs {
   notification_email {
       root@localhost
   }
   notification_email_from root@localhost
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS1
   vrrp_mcast_group 224.100.100.100
}

vrrp_script chk_down {
   script "[[ -f /etc/keepalived/down ]] && exit 1 || exit 0"
   interval 1
   weight -20
}

vrrp_script chk_nginx{
   script "kiallall -0 nginx && exit 0 || exit 1"
   interval 1
   weight -20
   fall 2
   rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 88
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 12121212
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.3.100/24 dev eth0 label eth0:0
    }
    track_script{
        chk_down
        chk_nginx
  }
    notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master"
    notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup"
    notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"
}

2.备的192.168.3.12配置

nginx的配置与主的一样

-------------------------------------------------------------------keepalived配置
[root@CentOS6 keepalived]#cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
       root@localhost
   }
   notification_email_from root@localhost
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS1
   vrrp_mcast_group 224.100.100.100
}

vrrp_script chk_down {
   script "[[ -f /etc/keepalived/down ]] && exit 1 || exit 0"
   interval 1
   weight -20
}

vrrp_script chk_nginx{
   script "kiallall -0 nginx && exit 0 || exit 1"
   interval 1
   weight -20
   fall 2
   rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 88
    priority 80
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 12121212
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.3.100/24 dev eth0 label eth0:0
    }
    track_script{
        chk_down
        chk_nginx
  }
    notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master"
    notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup"
    notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"
}

3.后台的两台RS就简单的配置下nginx的web service
4.测试

[root@station1 ~]# curl 192.168.3.100
this is 3.2 page
[root@station1 ~]# curl 192.168.3.100
this is 3.1 page
[root@station1 ~]# curl 192.168.3.100
this is 3.1 page
[root@station1 ~]# curl 192.168.3.100
this is 3.2 page
[root@station1 ~]# curl 192.168.3.100
this is 3.1 page

[root@localhost keepalived]# tcpdump -i eth0 -nn host 224.0.0.18
15:15:44.475689 IP 192.168.3.11 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 100, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
15:15:45.476960 IP 192.168.3.11 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 100, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
15:15:46.478534 IP 192.168.3.11 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 100, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
15:15:46.809101 IP 192.168.3.11 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 0, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
15:15:47.498791 IP 192.168.3.12 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 80, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
15:15:48.500509 IP 192.168.3.12 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 80, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
15:15:49.501727 IP 192.168.3.12 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 88, prio 80, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 2
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keepalived安装包
05-26
keepalived安装包内容： keepalived-2.2.7.tar.gz keepalived-1.4.5.tar.gz keepalived-2.0.20.tar.gz keepalived-2.1.5.tar.gz
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文章目录一.VRRP 协议介绍1.1 VRRP Intro1.1.2 VRRP 协议简介1.1.3 VRRP 数据包1.2 VRRP 的 master 选择和抢占模式二.Keepalived 介绍2.1 Keepalived 介绍2.2 Keepalived 组件2.2.1 Control Plane2.2.2 Scheduler - I/O Multiplexer2.2.3 Memory Man...
keepalived离线安装包
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机会是留给有准备的人的
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keepalived详解及配置LVS高可用负载均衡集群：keepalived设计组成、VRRP工作机制、VRRP与keepalived关系、脑裂问题、双主模型、keepalived配置文件说明；配置LVS ipvs + keepalived高可用负载均衡：配置ipvs、配置后端realserver健康状态检查、在director提供维护页面、实现模拟主备切换、主备切换及故障状态处理和邮件通知
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32---keepalived功能及使用场景(2)
小海银鱼的博客
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========== 两个问题： 在继续讲keepalived之前让我们先思考两个问题： 1.如果我们只有一台调度器(lvs/Nginx)，且它到后端real server集群的物理连接断了(如网卡、光模块、线缆等损坏)，那该怎么应对？ 2.如果我们只有一台调度器(Nginx等软件实现的)，但是不巧的是Nginx进程被杀死了，那该怎么应对？ 显然以上都是单点故障，遇到单点故障很棘手，我们
Keepalived详解
liaoyuanzi的专栏
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在互连网应用技术里,负载均衡一直是热门话题,本书讨论的负载均衡技术,包括但不限于负载均衡本身。使用负载均衡技术主要的目的包括如下几点： ◆     系统高可用性。组成系统的某些设备或部件失效，并不会影响正常的服务。 ◆     系统可扩展性。用户的增加，引起访问数乃至流量的增加，这种情形下，需要对系统进行扩容，以应对这种快速增长。对于提供高可用服务的互联网网站，其对可扩展的基本要求就是
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