吉林大学单片机实验课实验九——超声波测距

　　本次实验不在教学要求里，是最后一次进实验室写的，我记得可以测出距离，但是结果就不是那么准确了，实验时间有限，所以也没继续调试，可能是参数不对（比如音速的大小），这就无从得知了。

　　下面主要说说测距的原理——就是听回声，举个例子，你对着山喊一声：啊～～～，然后计时，等你听到回声就停止计时，然后用音速乘时间就算出了距离。在超声波测距中，你的嘴巴和耳朵换成了两个超声波发生器，一个发出一段较短的超声波，另一个超声波发生器作为接收，在等待声波返回时用定时器计时，接收器收到超声波之后产生中断，停止计时，计算距离并显示。这就是程序的主要流程，下面贴代码（原创文章，转载请注明）

#include <reg52.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <intrins.h>

sbit CS1=P1^7;
sbit CS2=P1^6;
sbit RST=P1^5;
sbit E=P3^3;
sbit RW=P3^4;
sbit RS=P3^5;
sbit BUSY=P2^7;
sbit KEY1=P3^6;
sbit KEY2=P3^7;

sbit DQ=P1^0;
sbit RQ=P1^1;

bit bt=0;

int i,j,k,a,b,c,d;
int result=0,timerCount=0;
char code mubiao[4][16]={
					{0x00,0x00,0xFE,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x00},
					{0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00},/*"?",0*/
					{0x10,0x10,0xD0,0xFF,0x90,0x10,0x20,0x22,0x22,0x22,0xE2,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x20,0x00},
					{0x04,0x03,0x00,0xFF,0x00,0x13,0x0C,0x03,0x40,0x80,0x7F,0x00,0x01,0x06,0x18,0x00},/*"?",1*/
					};
char code dangqian[4][16]={
					{0x00,0x40,0x42,0x44,0x58,0x40,0x40,0x7F,0x40,0x40,0x50,0x48,0xC6,0x00,0x00,0x00},
					{0x00,0x40,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00},/*"?",0*/

					{0x08,0x08,0xE8,0x29,0x2E,0x28,0xE8,0x08,0x08,0xC8,0x0C,0x0B,0xE8,0x08,0x08,0x00},
					{0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x09,0x49,0x89,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0x40,0x80,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00},/*"?",1*/
				};
char code number[10][16]={{0x00,0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x0F,0x00},/*"0",0*/
								{0x00,0x10,0x10,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00},/*"1",1*/
								{0x00,0x70,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x28,0x24,0x22,0x21,0x30,0x00},/*"2",2*/
								{0x00,0x30,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x48,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00},/*"3",3*/
								{0x00,0x00,0xC0,0x20,0x10,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x04,0x24,0x24,0x3F,0x24,0x00},/*"4",4*/
								{0x00,0xF8,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x19,0x21,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00},/*"5",5*/
								{0x00,0xE0,0x10,0x88,0x88,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00},/*"6",6*/
								{0x00,0x38,0x08,0x08,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},/*"7",7*/
								{0x00,0x70,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x1C,0x22,0x21,0x21,0x22,0x1C,0x00},/*"8",8*/
								{0x00,0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x31,0x22,0x22,0x11,0x0F,0x00},/*"9",9*/};

void wait(unsigned int count){
	for(;count>0;count--){
		_nop_();
	}
}
void checkReady(bit cs){
	CS1= cs==0 ? 1:0;
	CS2= cs==1 ? 1:0;
	P2=0xff;
	E=1;
	RS=0;
	RW=1;
	while(BUSY==1);
	E=0;
	CS2=0;
	CS1=0;
}
void write_command(bit cs,char com){
	checkReady(cs);
	CS1= cs==0 ? 1:0;
	CS2= cs==1 ? 1:0;
	RS=0;
	RW=0;
	E=1;
	P2=com;
	wait(20);
	E=0;
	CS1=0;
	CS2=0;
}
void cls(bit cs){
	for(i=0;i<8;i++){
		write_command(cs,0xb8+i);
		for(j=0;j<64;j++){
			checkReady(cs);
			CS1= cs==0 ? 1:0;
			CS2= cs==1 ? 1:0;
			E=1;
			RS=1;
			RW=0;
			P2=0x00;
			wait(20);
			E=0;
		}
	}
}
void write_bytes(bit cs,char * buffer,int len){
	for(i=0;i<len;i++){
		checkReady(cs);
		CS1= cs==0 ? 1:0;
		CS2= cs==1 ? 1:0;
		E=1;
		RS=1;
		RW=0;
		P2=*(buffer+i);
		wait(20);
		E=0;
	}
}
void outChina(bit cs,char x,char y,char china[][16]){
	write_command(cs,x+0xb8);
	write_command(cs,y+0x40);
	write_bytes(cs,*china,16);
	
	write_command(cs,x+1+0xb8);
	write_command(cs,y+0x40);
	write_bytes(cs,*(china+1),16);
}
void outNumber(bit cs,char x,char y,int num){
	write_command(cs,x+0xb8);
	write_command(cs,y+0x40);
	write_bytes(cs,number[num],8);
	write_command(cs,x+1+0xb8);
	write_command(cs,y+0x40);
	write_bytes(cs,number[num]+8,8);
}
void showNow(int num){
	a=num/1000;
	b=(num-a*1000)/100;
	c=(num-a*1000-b*100)/10;
	d=num-a*1000-b*100-c*10;
	outNumber(1,4,43,d);
	outNumber(1,4,33,c);
	outNumber(1,4,23,b);
	outNumber(1,4,13,a);
}
void initLCD(){
	cls(1);
	write_command(0,0x3f);
	cls(0);
	write_command(1,0x3f);
	outChina(0,1,5,mubiao);
	outChina(0,1,35,mubiao+2);
	outChina(1,1,5,dangqian);
	outChina(1,1,35,dangqian+2);
	RQ=0;
}
void initTimer(){
	TMOD=0x22;
	TH0=0xf4;
	TH1=0xf5;
	EA=1;
	ET0=1;
	ET1=1;
}
void waitL(int count){
	k=0xffff;
	while(count--){
		while(k--);
	}
}
void ex_int0() interrupt 0
{
	EX0=0;
	TR1=0;
	P0=0x03;
	result=timerCount*10*0.034;
	bt=0;
}
void t0_int0() interrupt 1
{
	DQ=bt;
	bt=!bt;
}
void t1_int0() interrupt 3
{
	timerCount+=1;
}
void main(){
	initLCD();
	initTimer();
	while(1){
		TR0=1;
		wait(1000);
		TR0=0;
		wait(2000);
		
		bt=1;
		TR1=1;
		EX0=1;
		P0=0x01;
		waitL(0x09);
		EX0=0;
		TR1=0;
		timerCount=0;
		
		showNow(result);
		P0=0x02;
		waitL(0x08);
	}
}