java8-Lambda表达式

1.为什么要用lambda表达式

package com.atguigu.java8;
​
public class Employee {
​
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private double salary;
​
    public Employee() {
    }
​
    public Employee(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
​
    public Employee(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
​
    public Employee(int id, String name, int age, double salary) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.salary = salary;
    }
​
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
​
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
​
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
​
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
​
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
​
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
​
    public double getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }
​
    public void setSalary(double salary) {
        this.salary = salary;
    }
​
    public String show() {
        return "测试方法引用!";
    }
​
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        final int prime = 31;
        int result = 1;
        result = prime * result + age;
        result = prime * result + id;
        result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
        long temp;
        temp = Double.doubleToLongBits(salary);
        result = prime * result + (int) (temp ^ (temp >>> 32));
        return result;
    }
​
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj)
            return true;
        if (obj == null)
            return false;
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
            return false;
        Employee other = (Employee) obj;
        if (age != other.age)
            return false;
        if (id != other.id)
            return false;
        if (name == null) {
            if (other.name != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!name.equals(other.name))
            return false;
        if (Double.doubleToLongBits(salary) != Double.doubleToLongBits(other.salary))
            return false;
        return true;
    }
​
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Employee [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", salary=" + salary + "]";
    }
}

优化方式一:策略设计模式需要的类

package com.atguigu.java8;
​
@FunctionalInterface
public interface MyPredicate<T> {
    public boolean test(T t);
}
package com.atguigu.java8;
​
public class FilterEmployeeForSalary implements MyPredicate<Employee> {
    @Override
    public boolean test(Employee t) {
        return t.getSalary() >= 5000;
    }
}
--------------------------------------------
package com.atguigu.java8;
public class FilterEmployeeForAge implements MyPredicate<Employee>{
    @Override
    public boolean test(Employee t) {
        return t.getAge() <= 35;
    }
}
package com.atguigu.java8;
​
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.TreeSet;
​
import org.junit.Test;
​
public class TestLambda1 {
    
    //原来的匿名内部类
    @Test
    public void test1(){
        Comparator<String> com = new Comparator<String>(){
            @Override
            public int compare(String o1, String o2) {
                return Integer.compare(o1.length(), o2.length());
            }
        };
        
        TreeSet<String> ts = new TreeSet<>(com);
        
        TreeSet<String> ts2 = new TreeSet<>(new Comparator<String>(){
            @Override
            public int compare(String o1, String o2) {
                return Integer.compare(o1.length(), o2.length());
            }
            
        });
    }
    
    //现在的 Lambda 表达式
    @Test
    public void test2(){
        Comparator<String> com = (x, y) -> Integer.compare(x.length(), y.length());
        TreeSet<String> ts = new TreeSet<>(com);
    }
    
    List<Employee> emps = Arrays.asList(
            new Employee(101, "张三", 18, 9999.99),
            new Employee(102, "李四", 59, 6666.66),
            new Employee(103, "王五", 28, 3333.33),
            new Employee(104, "赵六", 8, 7777.77),
            new Employee(105, "田七", 38, 5555.55)
    );
​
    //需求:获取公司中年龄小于 35 的员工信息
    public List<Employee> filterEmployeeAge(List<Employee> emps){
        List<Employee> list = new ArrayList<>();
        
        for (Employee emp : emps) {
            if(emp.getAge() <= 35){
                list.add(emp);
            }
        }
        
        return list;
    }
    
    @Test
    public void test3(){
        List<Employee> list = filterEmployeeAge(emps);
        
        for (Employee employee : list) {
            System.out.println(employee);
        }
    }
    
    //需求:获取公司中工资大于 5000 的员工信息
    public List<Employee> filterEmployeeSalary(List<Employee> emps){
        List<Employee> list = new ArrayList<>();
        
        for (Employee emp : emps) {
            if(emp.getSalary() >= 5000){
                list.add(emp);
            }
        }
        
        return list;
    }
    
    //优化方式一:策略设计模式
    public List<Employee> filterEmployee(List<Employee> emps, MyPredicate<Employee> mp){
        List<Employee> list = new ArrayList<>();
        
        for (Employee employee : emps) {
            if(mp.test(employee)){
                list.add(employee);
            }
        }
        
        return list;
    }
    
    @Test
    public void test4(){
        List<Employee> list = filterEmployee(emps, new FilterEmployeeForAge());
        for (Employee employee : list) {
            System.out.println(employee);
        }
        
        System.out.println("------------------------------------------");
        
        List<Employee> list2 = filterEmployee(emps, new FilterEmployeeForSalary());
        for (Employee employee : list2) {
            System.out.println(employee);
        }
    }
    
    //优化方式二:匿名内部类
    @Test
    public void test5(){
        List<Employee> list = filterEmployee(emps, new MyPredicate<Employee>() {
            @Override
            public boolean test(Employee t) {
                return t.getId() <= 103;
            }
        });
        
        for (Employee employee : list) {
            System.out.println(employee);
        }
    }
    
    //优化方式三:Lambda 表达式
    @Test
    public void test6(){
        List<Employee> list = filterEmployee(emps, (e) -> e.getAge() <= 35);
        list.forEach(System.out::println);
        
        System.out.println("------------------------------------------");
        
        List<Employee> list2 = filterEmployee(emps, (e) -> e.getSalary() >= 5000);
        list2.forEach(System.out::println);
    }
    
    //优化方式四:Stream API
    @Test
    public void test7(){
        emps.stream()
            .filter((e) -> e.getAge() <= 35)
            .forEach(System.out::println);
        
        System.out.println("----------------------------------------------");
        
        emps.stream()
            .map(Employee::getName)
            .limit(3)
            .sorted()
            .forEach(System.out::println);
    }
}
​

2.lambda基础语法

package com.atguigu.java8;
​
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
​
import org.junit.Test;
​
/*
 * 一、Lambda 表达式的基础语法:Java8中引入了一个新的操作符 "->" 该操作符称为箭头操作符或 Lambda 操作符
 *                          箭头操作符将 Lambda 表达式拆分成两部分:
 * 
 * 左侧:Lambda 表达式的参数列表
 * 右侧:Lambda 表达式中所需执行的功能, 即 Lambda 体
 * 
 * 语法格式一:无参数,无返回值
 *      () -> System.out.println("Hello Lambda!");
 * 
 * 语法格式二:有一个参数,并且无返回值
 *      (x) -> System.out.println(x)
 * 
 * 语法格式三:若只有一个参数,小括号可以省略不写
 *      x -> System.out.println(x)
 * 
 * 语法格式四:有两个以上的参数,有返回值,并且 Lambda 体中有多条语句
 *      Comparator<Integer> com = (x, y) -> {
 *          System.out.println("函数式接口");
 *          return Integer.compare(x, y);
 *      };
 *
 * 语法格式五:若 Lambda 体中只有一条语句, return 和 大括号都可以省略不写
 *      Comparator<Integer> com = (x, y) -> Integer.compare(x, y);
 * 
 * 语法格式六:Lambda 表达式的参数列表的数据类型可以省略不写,因为JVM编译器通过上下文推断出,数据类型,即“类型推断”
 *      (Integer x, Integer y) -> Integer.compare(x, y);
 * 
 * 上联:左右遇一括号省
 * 下联:左侧推断类型省
 * 横批:能省则省
 * 
 * 二、Lambda 表达式需要“函数式接口”的支持
 * 函数式接口:接口中只有一个抽象方法的接口,称为函数式接口。 可以使用注解 @FunctionalInterface 修饰
 *           可以检查是否是函数式接口
 */
public class TestLambda2 {
    
    @Test
    public void test1(){
        int num = 0;//jdk 1.7 前,必须是 final
        
        Runnable r = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("Hello World!" + num);
            }
        };
        
        r.run();
        
        System.out.println("-------------------------------");
        
        Runnable r1 = () -> System.out.println("Hello Lambda!");
        r1.run();
    }
    
    @Test
    public void test2(){
        Consumer<String> con = x -> System.out.println(x);
        con.accept("我大尚硅谷威武!");
    }
    
    @Test
    public void test3(){
        Comparator<Integer> com = (x, y) -> {
            System.out.println("函数式接口");
            return Integer.compare(x, y);
        };
    }
    
    @Test
    public void test4(){
        Comparator<Integer> com = (x, y) -> Integer.compare(x, y);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void test5(){
//      String[] strs;
//      strs = {"aaa", "bbb", "ccc"};
        
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        
        show(new HashMap<>());
    }
​
    public void show(Map<String, Integer> map){
        
    }
    
    //需求:对一个数进行运算
    @Test
    public void test6(){
        Integer num = operation(100, (x) -> x * x);
        System.out.println(num);
        
        System.out.println(operation(200, (y) -> y + 200));
    }
    
    public Integer operation(Integer num, MyFun mf){
        return mf.getValue(num);
    }
}

需要的函数式接口

package com.atguigu.java8;
//函数式接口
@FunctionalInterface
public interface MyFun {
    public Integer getValue(Integer num);
    
}

3.练习

package com.atguigu.exer;
​
@FunctionalInterface
public interface MyFunction {
    public String getValue(String str);
}
package com.atguigu.exer;
​
public interface MyFunction2<T, R> {
   public R getValue(T t1, T t2);
}
package com.atguigu.exer;
​
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
​
import org.junit.Test;
​
import com.atguigu.java8.Employee;
​
public class TestLambda {
    
    List<Employee> emps = Arrays.asList(
            new Employee(101, "张三", 18, 9999.99),
            new Employee(102, "李四", 59, 6666.66),
            new Employee(103, "王五", 28, 3333.33),
            new Employee(104, "赵六", 8, 7777.77),
            new Employee(105, "田七", 38, 5555.55)
    );
    //1.调用Collections.sort() 方法,通过定制排序比较两个Employee (先按年龄比,年龄相同按姓名比),使用Lambda作为参数传递。
    @Test
    public void test1(){
        Collections.sort(emps, (e1, e2) -> {
            if(e1.getAge() == e2.getAge()){
                    return e1.getName().compareTo(e2.getName());
            }else{
                return -Integer.compare(e1.getAge(), e2.getAge());
            }
        });
        
        for (Employee emp : emps) {
            System.out.println(emp);
        }
    }
    //2.①声明函数式接口, 接口中声明抽象方法,public String getValue(String str);
    //②声明类TestLambda,类中编写方法使用接口作为参数,将一个字符串转换成大写,并作为方法的返回值。。
    //③再将一个字符串的第2个和第4个索引位置进行藏取子串。。
    @Test
    public void test2(){
        String trimStr = strHandler("\t\t\t 我大尚硅谷威武   ", (str) -> str.trim());
        System.out.println(trimStr);
        
        String upper = strHandler("abcdef", (str) -> str.toUpperCase());
        System.out.println(upper);
        
        String newStr = strHandler("我大尚硅谷威武", (str) -> str.substring(2, 5));
        System.out.println(newStr);
    }
    //需求:用于处理字符串
    public String strHandler(String str, MyFunction mf){
        return mf.getValue(str);
    }
​
    //3.①声明一个带两个泛型的函数式接口,泛型类型为<T, RP τT为参数,R为返回值。
    //②接口中声明对应抽象方法。
    //③在TestLambda 类中声明方法,使用接口作为参数,计算两个long 型参数的和。。
    //④再计算两个long 型参数的乘积。
    @Test
    public void test3(){
        op(100L, 200L, (x, y) -> x + y);
        
        op(100L, 200L, (x, y) -> x * y);
    }
    
    //需求:对于两个 Long 型数据进行处理
    public void op(Long l1, Long l2, MyFunction2<Long, Long> mf){
        System.out.println(mf.getValue(l1, l2));
    }
​
}
​
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