Install MySQL on CentOS 7

 

1, Check mariadb version

rpm -qa | grep -i mariadb

We don't have to uninstall mariadb before we install mysql;

2, Check glibc version

ldd --version

3, Uncompress and add a soft link

mkdir -p /usr/local/opt/mysql
xz -d mysql-8.0.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
tar -xvf /usr/local/src/mysql/mysql-8.0.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar -C /usr/local/opt/mysql/
ln -s /usr/local/opt/mysql/mysql-8.0.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql

Add a new line to /etc/profile:

export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

Make the new environment variables effective:

source /etc/profile

4, Add a user "mysql" and a group "mysql"

[root@localhost mysql]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/

5, Initialize and generate passwords (in this case, root@localhost: /E.ZvW,-77YZ):

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

Output:

2021-01-26T08:22:11.589727Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2021-01-26T08:22:11.589847Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.23) initializing of server in progress as process 30395
2021-01-26T08:22:11.599860Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2021-01-26T08:22:13.867668Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2021-01-26T08:22:15.548075Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: hFcAZ4vp!cNS

A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: hFcAZ4vp!cNS

6, Create a temp file for user 'mysql':

[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir -p /var/log/mariadb
[root@localhost mysql]# touch /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/log/mariadb

mkdir -p /var/run/mariadb
touch /var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/run/mariadb/

[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# chmod 777 /var/lib/mysql/

7, Check /etc/my.conf

[root@localhost run]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

Comment the "datadir=/var/lib/mysql" line. (Or you can change it to /usr/local/mysql/data. The "datadir" directory must be empty when the mysql instance initializes. It also must be empty when mysqld_safe starts.)

The result is the following:

[mysqld]
#datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

8, Start mysql instance: 

 Add a soft link (mysql uses both /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock and /tmp/mysql.sock for communication between the server and the clients):

ln -s /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock

Start the mysql instance using "mysqld_safe" command:

/usr/local/mysql/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql

[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root      31862  23439  0 03:36 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql
mysql     31982  31862  1 03:36 pts/0    00:00:01 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log --pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
root      32161  32105  0 03:37 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -an | grep 3306
tcp6       0      0 :::33060                :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN     
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    33062

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.23

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

9, Change the user root's password:

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

10, Allow remote computers to connect (the default is only to allow the localhost to connect):

mysql> update mysql.user set host='%' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

11, Exit the mysql terminal:

mysql> exit
Bye

12, Check whether we can change shut down the mysql instance:

Use the following command to shut down the mysql:

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p shutdown
Enter password: 

12, Configure to make mysql auo-start when the operating system starts:

[root@localhost ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld 
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig -add mysqld
-add: 未知的选项
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list mysqld

注：该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务，并不包含
原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据
可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。 

      要列出 systemd 服务，请执行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。
      查看在具体 target 启用的服务请执行
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。

mysqld          0:关    1:关    2:开    3:开    4:开    5:开    6:关

if 3 and 4 and 5 are on, it's configured successfully.

Now you can use "service mysql start" and "service mysql stop" to start and stop the mysql service.

[root@localhost ~]# service mysql stop
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl stop mysql.service
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root      33835  32105  0 04:04 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql
mysql     33955  33835  0 04:04 pts/1    00:00:02 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log --pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
root      34674  32367  0 04:13 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@localhost ~]# service mysql start