12python基础进阶之mysql命令2

–数据库操作前的准备
– 创建数据库
create database python_test_13 charset=utf8;

-- 使用数据库
use python_test_13;


-- students表
create table students(
    id int unsigned primary key auto_increment not null,
    name varchar(20) default '',
    age tinyint unsigned default 0,
    height decimal(5,2),
    gender enum('男','女','中性','保密') default '保密',
    cls_id int unsigned default 0,
    is_delete bit default 0
);


create table students(
    id int unsigned primary key auto_increment not null,

    )

-- classes表
create table classes (
    id int unsigned auto_increment primary key not null,
    name varchar(30) not null
);
-- 准备数据
-- 向students表中插入数据
insert into students values
(0,'小明',18,180.00,2,1,0),
(0,'小月月',18,180.00,2,2,1),
(0,'彭于晏',29,185.00,1,1,0),
(0,'刘德华',59,175.00,1,2,1),
(0,'黄蓉',38,160.00,2,1,0),
(0,'凤姐',28,150.00,4,2,1),
(0,'王祖贤',18,172.00,2,1,1),
(0,'周杰伦',36,NULL,1,1,0),
(0,'程坤',27,181.00,1,2,0),
(0,'刘亦菲',25,166.00,2,2,0),
(0,'金星',33,162.00,3,3,1),
(0,'静香',12,180.00,2,4,0),
(0,'郭靖',12,170.00,1,4,0),
(0,'周杰',34,176.00,2,5,0);;

-- 向classes表中插入数据
insert into classes values (0, "python_01期"), (0, "python_02期");

– 查询练习
– 查询所有字段
– select * from 表名;
select * from classes;
select * from students;

-- select 表名.字段 .... from 表名;
select classes.id, classes.name from classes;


-- 可以通过 as 给表起别名
-- select 表别名.字段 .... from 表名 as 表别名;
select c.id, c.name from classes as c;



-- 消除重复行(查性别)
-- distinct 字段
-- 查询students中的所有性别
-- select gender from students;   --会有很多重复数据
select distinct gender from students;   --去掉重复数据

select gender from students group by gender; --去掉重复数据

– 条件查询
– 比较运算符
– select … from 表名 where …
– >
– 查询年纪大于18岁的学生信息
–select * from students; 这样查询的是所有学生的所有信息
select * from students where age > 18;

    -- <
    -- 查询年纪小于18岁的学生信息
    select * from students where age selc< 18;
    
    

    -- >=
    -- <=
    -- 查询小于或者等于18岁的学生信息
    select * from students where age <= 18;


    -- =
    -- 查询年龄为18岁的所有学生信息
    select * from students where age = 18;



    -- != 或者 <>
    -- 查询年龄不为18岁的所有学生信息
    select * from students where age != 18;
    select * from students where age <> 18;

    

-- 逻辑运算符
    -- and  /  between .. and ..
    -- 18和28之间的所以学生信息
    select * from students where age > 18 and age < 28;
    select * from students where age between 18 and 28;  -- 包含18和28

    -- 18岁以上的女性的学生信息
    select * from students where age>18 and gender=2;
    select * from students where age>18 and gender="女";


    -- or
    -- 18以上或者身高高过180(包含)以上的学生信息
    select * from students where age > 18 or height >= 180;
    

    -- not
    -- 不在 18岁以上的女性 这个范围内的信息
    -- select * from students where not (age>18 and gender=2);
    select * from students where not (age>18 and gender=2);


-- 模糊查询(where 字段 like 要查询的数据)
    -- like 
    -- % 替换任意个任意字符
    -- _ 替换1个任意字符
    -- 查询姓名中 以 "小" 开始的名字的学生信息
    select * from students where name like "小%";
    

    -- 查询姓名中 有 "小" 所有的名字的学生信息
    select * from students where name like "%小%";
    

    -- 查询有2个字的名字的学生信息
    select * from students where name like "__";
    


    -- 查询有3个字的名字的学生信息
    select * from students where name like "___";

    

    -- 查询至少有2个字的名字的学生信息
    select * from students where name like "__%";



-- 范围查询
    -- in (1, 3, 8)表示在一个非连续的范围内
    -- 查询 年龄为18或34的姓名的学生信息
    select * from students where age=18 or age=34;
    select * from students where age in (18, 34);

    

    -- not in 不非连续的范围之内
    -- 年龄不是 18或34岁的学生信息
    select * from students where age not in (18,34);


    
    -- between ... and ...表示在一个连续的范围内
    -- 查询 年龄在18到34之间的学生信息
    select * from students where age between 18 and 34;

    
    -- not between ... and ...表示不在一个连续的范围内
    -- 查询 年龄不在18到34之间的学生信息
    select * from students where age not between 18 and 34;
    

-- 空判断
    -- 判空is null
    -- 查询身高为空的学生信息
    select * from students where height is null;
    


    -- 判非空is not null
    select * from students where height is not null;

– 排序
– order by 字段
– asc
– asc从小到大排列，即升序
– desc
– desc从大到小排序，即降序
– 查询年龄在18到34岁之间的男性，按照年龄从小到大到排序
select * from students where gender=1 and age > 18 and age < 34 order by age asc;

-- 查询年龄在18到34岁之间的女性，身高从高到矮排序
select * from students where gender=2 and age between 18 and 34 order by height desc;


-- order by 多个字段
-- 查询年龄在18到34岁之间的女性，身高从高到矮排序, 如果身高相同的情况下按照年龄从小到大排序
 select * from students where gender=2 and age between 18 and 34 order by height desc, age asc;


-- 如果年龄也相同那么按照id从大到小排序

select * from students where gender=2 and age between 18 and 34 order by height desc, age asc,id desc;

– 分页(!!!放在最后面(注意))
– limit start, count
– limit 放在最后面(注意)
– limit (要显示第几页-1) * 每页显示多少个, 每页显示多少个;

-- 限制查询出来的数据个数
-- 查询前5个数据(相当于 每页显示5个，要显示第1页)
select * from students limit 5;


-- 每页显示2个，要显示第1页 (显示前2个数据)
-- select * from students limit 2;
select * from students limit 0, 2;

-- 每页显示2个，要显示第2页
select * from students limit 2, 2;


-- 每页显示2个，要显示第3页
select * from students limit 4, 2;


-- 每页显示2个，要显示第4页
select * from students limit 6, 2;


-- 每页显示2个，显示第6页的信息, 按照年龄从小到大排序
select * from students order by age asc limit 10,2;

– 聚合函数
– 总数
– count
– 查询男性有多少人
select count() from students;
select count() from students where gender=1;

-- 最大值
-- max
-- 查询最大的年龄
select max(age) from students;



-- 查询女性的最高 身高
select max(height) from students where gender=2;


-- 最小值
-- min
select min(height) from students where gender=2;



-- 求和
-- sum
-- 计算所有人的年龄总和
select sum(age) from students;



-- 平均值
-- avg
-- 计算平均年龄
select avg(age) from students;


-- 计算平均年龄 sum(age)/count(*)
select sum(age)/count(*) from students;



-- 四舍五入 round(123.23 , 1) 保留1位小数
-- 计算所有人的平均年龄，保留2位小数
select round(avg(age), 2) from students;
-- select round(avg(age), 3) from students;   -- 四舍五入


-- 计算男性的平均身高 保留2位小数
select round(avg(height), 2) from students where gender=1;  --avg 计算的时候不包含有值为null的数据

select round(sum(height)/count(*), 2) from students where gender=1;

– 分组

-- 分组的口诀
-- select 分组的字段 from 表名 group by 分组字段;

-- group by
-- 按照性别分组,查询所有的性别
select gender from students group by gender;


# 每种   每类   
-- 计算每种性别中的人数
select gender, count(*) from students group by gender;



-- group_concat(...)
-- 查询同种性别中的姓名group_concat(name)
select gender, group_concat(name) from students group by gender;



-- 查询每组性别的平均年龄
select gender, avg(age) from students group by gender;



-- having(注意having和group by 连用 having后通常也要跟 聚合函数)
-- 查询  平均年龄超过30岁  的这组性别，以及姓名
select gender, group_concat(name) from students group by gender having avg(age) > 30;


-- 查询每种性别中的人数多于2个的信息
select gender, count(*) from students group by gender having count(*)>2;
select gender, group_concat(name) from students group by gender having count(*)>2;


-- with rollup 汇总的作用(了解)
--select gender,count(*) from students group by gender with rollup;
select gender,count(*) from students group by gender with rollup having count(*)>2;

– select * from students where
– select 分组 from students group by 分组字段 having 条件查询
– select * from 表a inner join 表b on 连接的条件

– (内)连接查询
– inner join … on
– select … from 表A inner join 表B;
– 查询 有能够对应班级的学生以及班级信息
select * from students inner join classes on students.cls_id=classes.id;

-- 按照要求显示姓名、班级
select students.name, classes.name from students inner join classes on students.cls_id=classes.id;


-- 给数据表起名字
select s.name, c.name from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id;




-- 查询 有能够对应班级的学生以及班级信息，显示学生的所有信息 students.*，只显示班级名称 classes.name.
 select students.*, classes.name from students inner join classes on students.cls_id=classes.id;




-- 在以上的查询中，将班级名显示在第1列
select classes.name,students.* from students inner join classes on students.cls_id=classes.id;


-- 查询 有能够对应班级的学生以及班级信息, 按照班级名进行排序
select c.name,s.* from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id order by c.name;



-- 当在同一个班级的时候，按照学生的id进行从小到大排序
select c.name,s.* from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id order by c.name, s.id asc;



左连接:左边的表的数据不管在右边的表中有没有匹配到数据都显示
-- left join
-- 查询每位学生对应的班级信息
select * from students left join classes on students.cls_id = classes.id;


-- 查询没有对应班级信息的学生
select * from students left join classes on students.cls_id = classes.id where classes.id is null;



# 右连接,右边的表不管在左边有没有找到都显示 
-- right join   on
select * from students right join classes on students.cls_id = classes.id;

– 子查询
– 子查询是一个完整的SQL语句，子查询被嵌入到一对小括号里面
– 查询出高于平均身高的信息(height)

-- 1、先查平均身高
select avg(height) from students;
-- 2、再查高于平均身高的学生信息
select * from students where height > (select avg(height) from students);




-- 查询学生的班级号能够对应的 学生名字
-- select * from students where cls_id in(1,2);
-- select id from classes;

select id from classes;
select name from students where cls_id in (select id from classes);

–省市区三级联动
–数据操作前的准备
–创建数据库表
create table areas(
aid int primary key,
atitle varchar(20),
pid int
);

--从sql文件中导入数据
-- source 具体地址/areas.sql;
-- 先把areas.sql复制到桌面目录下
source /home/python/Desktop/areas.sql



--查询一共有多少个省
select * from areas where pid is null;
select count(*) from areas where pid is null;


--例1：查询省的名称为“山西省”的所有城市

-- 先查山西省id
select aid from areas where atitle="山西省";

-- select * from areas where pid = 山西省aid
select * from areas where pid = (select aid from areas where atitle="山西省");


--例2：查询市的名称为“广州市”的所有区县:
select aid from areas where atitle = "广州市";

-- select * from areas where pid = "广州市aid"
select * from areas where pid = (select aid from areas where atitle = "广州市");


--自连接
--select * from areas as a1 inner join areas as a2 on a1.aid=a2.pid where a1.atitle='广州市';
select * from areas as a1 inner join areas as a2 on a1.aid = a2.pid where a1.atitle="广州市";