CI/CD_ci cd 原理-CSDN博客

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CI/CD

概念

CI/CD是一种通过自动化的方法，在应用开发阶段频繁向客户交付的方法。
其核心概念是持续集成、交付、部署。其主要面向开发和运营团队，针对在集成新代码时出现的问题。

CI(Continuous Integration)持续集成

目前主流的开发方式是协同开发，即多位开发人员同事处理同意应用不同模块或功能。
如果企业在同一时间将所有分支代码集成在一起，那么将难以避免的出现代码冲突问题，从而导致效率低下。
而CI可以帮助开发者更方便地将代码合并到主分支。当开发人员将代码合并到主分支时，系统会自动对这些更改进行自动化测试，如果发现这些代码存在问题，CI可以更加轻松和快速地修复这些问题。

CD(Continuous Delivery)持续交付

在CI完成了集成工作之后，持续交付便可以自动将已验证的代码发布到对应的存储库。
持续交付旨在建议一个可以随时将开发环境中的功能部署到生产环境的代码库。

CD(Continuous Deployment)持续部署

持续部署是持续交付的延伸，可以自动将应用发布到生产环境。

常用CI/CD工具

1. Jenkins

开源，基于Java开发的一种持续集成工作，用于监控持续重复的工作，旨在提供一个开放易用的软件平台。

官网网址
https://www.jenkins.io/
特点
1）安装方便，直接通过安装包安装。
2）配置简单，可以通过Web界面轻松地设置和配置，提供动态错误检查和内置帮助。
3）插件丰富。
4）可扩展，可以通过插件架构进行扩展。
5）分布式，可以在多台机器上发布工作，帮助用户在多个平台上更快地驱动构建、测试和部署。
License

The MIT License

Copyright (c) 2004-, Kohsuke Kawaguchi, Sun Microsystems, Inc., and a number of other of contributors

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.

2. Travis CI

托管的持续继承服务，适用于GitHub仓库。
最初开源，多年后转为闭源，专注于CI工作，通过自动化测试和警报系统提高构建过程的效能。

官网
https://www.travis-ci.com/
特点
1）使用YAML文件配置。
2）基于云。
3）支持Docker运行测试。
4）开箱即用支持更多语言。
5）支持构建矩阵。
6）开源项目免费计划。
缺点
1）价格高，没有免费的企业方案

3. GitLab CI/CD

集成在GitLab中，支持从源代码管理到部署的全流程。
除了测试和构建项目之外，该工具还可以将build部署到基础设施中，而且只要了解各代码段的位置，就能对其开展针对性追踪。

特点
1）使用YAML文件配置。
2）继承了GitLab管理的Git仓库，可直接执行GitLab提供的CI/CD管道。
3）可以基于Docker容器和Kubernetes集群等运行环境。
4）可以使用共享和分布式运行策略，以调高性能和可靠性。
5）采用分布式架构来降低压力和提高容错能力。
6）通过容器化部署来简化运维和降低故障率。
License（GitLab）

Copyright (c) 2011-present GitLab B.V.

Portions of this software are licensed as follows:

* All content residing under the "doc/" directory of this repository is licensed under "Creative Commons: CC BY-SA 4.0 license".
* All content that resides under the "ee/" directory of this repository, if that directory exists, is licensed under the license defined in "ee/LICENSE".
* All content that resides under the "jh/" directory of this repository, if that directory exists, is licensed under the license defined in "jh/LICENSE".
* All client-side JavaScript (when served directly or after being compiled, arranged, augmented, or combined), is licensed under the "MIT Expat" license.
* All third party components incorporated into the GitLab Software are licensed under the original license provided by the owner of the applicable component.
* Content outside of the above mentioned directories or restrictions above is available under the "MIT Expat" license as defined below.

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The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
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THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

4. TeamCity

是Java中基于服务器的CI/CD管道工具。由JetBrains开发和维护，可以安装在Windows和Linux服务器上。

官网
https://www.jetbrains.com.cn/teamcity/
特点
1）支持各种版本呢控制系统。
2）用户管理简单可靠。
3）与VS、IntelliJ Concept等IDE简单集成。
缺点
1）输出日志对用户不友好。
2）很难手机不同项目的状态。

5. Circle CI

这是一款基于云的工具，可以自动执行集成和部署任务，适用于为开源项目和大型项目实现CI/CD。

官网
https://circleci.com/
特点
1）基于云，同时也提供了本地解决方案，允许在私有云或数据中心运行。
2）商业账户也有免费计划。
3）可以通过SSH模式访问容器并进行自己的检查。
4）使用方便，只需要很少的配置。
5）会检查第三方依赖项，缓存必要的安装内容，而不是持续安装所需的环境。
缺点
1）仅支持两个版本的Ubuntu免费（12.04和14.04）。
2）基于云，所以若其停止支持某个软件，将无法被阻止。
3）开箱即用仅支持以下语言：Go(Golang), Haskell, Java, PHP, Python, Ruby/Rails, Scala。
License(frontend)

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6. Bamboo

Bamboo是一种CI工具，由Atlassian开发，提供了在单个窗口中执行、测试和发布的工具。

官网
https://www.atlassian.com/software/bamboo
特点
1）内置Jira Software和Bitbucket Server集成
2）内置Git分支工作流程
3）提供REST API

7. GoCD

GoCD是来自Thoughtworks的开源持续继承服务器，与其他CI/CD工具相比，他的主要区别在于VSM功能。
VSM跨Pipeline的完整端到端视图，他成功地将其映射到“部署Pipeline”或“持续交付Pipeline”的概念。

官网
https://www.gocd.org/
特点
1）专注于持续交付
2）支持插件
3）易于定制
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8. CodeShip

这是一个托管的持续继承平台，如果公司使用GitHub进行版本控制系统，使用CodeShip可以大大提高效率，主要原因是他能够直接从GitHub项目进行测试、build和部署。

官网
https://www.cloudbees.com/products/codeship
特点
1）提供分布式构建环境。
2）可以与云平台无缝集成。
3）与Docker紧密集成。
缺点
1）扩展性受限制。
2）社区支持小。