概述
定长线程池的使用过程中会存在饥饿现象,也就是当多线程情况下,当池中所有线程都被占用后,被占用的线程又需要空闲线程去进行下一步的操作,此时又获取不到池中空闲的线程,此时就出现了饥饿现象。
示例
package com.leolee.multithreadProgramming.threadPool.threadHungry;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
/**
* @ClassName HungryDemo
* @Description: 定长线程池饥饿示例
* @Author LeoLee
* @Date 2021/3/3
* @Version V1.0
**/
@Slf4j
public class HungryDemo {
static final List<String> FOODS = Arrays.asList("猪脚饭", "宫保鸡丁", "鱼香肉丝", "麻婆豆腐");
static final Random RANDOM = new Random();
static ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
//随机做菜
public static String cooking() {
return FOODS.get(RANDOM.nextInt(FOODS.size()));
}
/*
* 功能描述: <br>
* 〈两个服务员需要点菜、以及自己去做菜〉
* @Param: [args]
* @Return: void
* @Author: LeoLee
* @Date: 2021/3/3 16:08
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
HungryDemo.test();
}
public static void test() {
pool.execute(() -> {
//服务员开始点菜
log.info("开始给顾客点菜");
Future<String> food = pool.submit(() -> {
log.info("开始做菜");
return cooking();
});
//该服务员点完菜上菜
try {
log.info("上菜:{}", food.get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
}
}
运行结果:
17:06:03.409 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.leolee.multithreadProgramming.threadPool.threadHungry.HungryDemo - 开始给顾客点菜
17:06:03.428 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.leolee.multithreadProgramming.threadPool.threadHungry.HungryDemo - 开始做菜
17:06:03.429 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.leolee.multithreadProgramming.threadPool.threadHungry.HungryDemo - 上菜:猪脚饭
当如下的时候,由于线程池没有空闲线程造成饥饿
package com.leolee.multithreadProgramming.threadPool.threadHungry;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
/**
* @ClassName HungryDemo
* @Description: 定长线程池饥饿示例
* @Author LeoLee
* @Date 2021/3/3
* @Version V1.0
**/
@Slf4j
public class HungryDemo {
static final List<String> FOODS = Arrays.asList("猪脚饭", "宫保鸡丁", "鱼香肉丝", "麻婆豆腐");
static final Random RANDOM = new Random();
static ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
//随机做菜
public static String cooking() {
return FOODS.get(RANDOM.nextInt(FOODS.size()));
}
/*
* 功能描述: <br>
* 〈两个服务员需要点菜、以及自己去做菜〉
* @Param: [args]
* @Return: void
* @Author: LeoLee
* @Date: 2021/3/3 16:08
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
HungryDemo.test();
}
public static void test() {
pool.execute(() -> {
//服务员开始点菜
log.info("开始给顾客点菜");
Future<String> food = pool.submit(() -> {
log.info("开始做菜");
return cooking();
});
//该服务员点完菜上菜
try {
log.info("上菜:{}", food.get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
pool.execute(() -> {
//服务员开始点菜
log.info("开始给顾客点菜");
Future<String> food = pool.submit(() -> {
log.info("开始做菜");
return cooking();
});
//该服务员点完菜上菜
try {
log.info("上菜:{}", food.get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
}
}
运行结果:
17:07:23.745 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.leolee.multithreadProgramming.threadPool.threadHungry.HungryDemo - 开始给顾客点菜
17:07:23.745 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.leolee.multithreadProgramming.threadPool.threadHungry.HungryDemo - 开始给顾客点菜
为什么这个现象不是死锁呢?
通过jconsole来查看如下,可以看到Java并不认为这是一种死锁。
应为死锁是因为两个线程互相持有了对方所需要的锁对象造成的,而在该demo中,并不是因为锁占用导致的,而是线程池没有空闲线程。死锁问题参考:Java多线程——死锁的定位方法
解决方法
至于怎么解决,可能很多人都想到了:
- 使用newCachedThreadPool,非定长线程池
- 把不同的任务用不同的线程池处理,点餐和做菜分别用不同的线程池处理。