《django rest framework demo》

   最近想学python，基础知识大体过了一遍之后，想搭个web框架，既可以练练手，也想着搭起来之后以后可以方便用。

   django比较简单，大而全，他的ORM做的很棒，但总感觉灵活些差一些，废话不多说，开始上程序。

   django rest framework，前后端分离。

   先是项目图：

 

 首先是setting文件

"""
Django settings for myDjango project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 2.1.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '1r75z1-ws6o=a#mqwml3prdu*+gl379q)^vpn)5r+1q3z$36%z'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'web',
    'rest_framework',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'web.SimpleMiddleware.SimpleMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'myDjango.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
        ,
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'myDjango.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'test',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '3306',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'root'
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = False


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

STATICFILES_DIRS=(
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),
)

修改了数据库，添加了名字为web项目，添加了rest framework，修改了时区，添加了静态文件。

这个倒是没什么，网上有很多，都可以查的到。

然后是models.py

import datetime

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class User(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=120,null=False);
    password = models.CharField(max_length=120,null=False);
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50,default=username);

class BookInfo(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=50,null=False);
    author = models.CharField(max_length=50);
    money = models.CharField(max_length=50);
    #在django2.0后，定义外键和一对一关系的时候需要加on_delete选项，此参数为了避免两个表里的数据不一致问题，不然会报错
    owner = models.ForeignKey(User,on_delete=models.CASCADE);

    def __str__(self):
        return 'title:'+self.title+' author:'+self.author + ' money:'+self.money;

class comment(models.Model):
    content = models.CharField(max_length=512);
    #存在时区问题，将setting中的USE_TZ = True设置为False
    time = models.CharField(max_length=512);

他和数据表是有关联的，建完之后，setting之后，记得在命令行python manage.py makemigrations，和python manage.py migrate，在之后修改这个文件也要在进行这两个操作。

关于django rest framework网上有很多的文档，写的也挺容易看懂，根据网上的文档一步一步敲一遍就可以对他大体有个了解，当然，选择怎么使用还是要看个人，并不一定千篇一律。

http://www.comingnext.cn/category/2/     他的阅读环境蛮好的，前端写的淡雅整洁，让人读者挺舒服，推荐。

下面使用@api_view的view.py

from datashape import json
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.shortcuts import render, render_to_response

# Create your views here.
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from rest_framework import status
from rest_framework.decorators import api_view
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.status import *

from web.models import User, BookInfo, comment
from web.permissions import IsOwnerOrReadOnly
from web.serializer import UserSerializer, BookSerializer, CommentSerializer

"""
配置拦截器，直接跳到信息展示页面
游客在展示界面可以随意评论，评论暂时不与书籍绑定在一起
用户登录，老用户可以展示个人书籍信息，可以增加书的信息，暂时不加更新书的功能
"""
'''
可以用类，也可以用方法
用方法更灵活，用类结构更好一些，个人感觉
功能比较简单所以用方法写，类的写法也会写一个用例并且会完成测试
'''
def toIndex(request,format = None):
    return render_to_response('index.html');

@api_view(['GET','POST'])
def AllInfo(request,format = None):
    user = User.objects.all();
    userSerializer = UserSerializer(user,many=True);
    com = comment.objects.all();
    comSerializer = CommentSerializer(com,many=True);
    result = {"comment":comSerializer.data,"user":userSerializer.data};

    return Response(result,status=HTTP_200_OK);

@api_view(['GET','POST'])
def UserLogin(request,format=None):
    '''
    登录成功将显示登录者的书籍
    :param request:
    :param format:
    :return: JSON
    '''

    try:

        data = request.data;

        username = data.get('username');
        password = data.get('password');
        user = User.objects.get(username__exact=username);

        if user.password == password:
            books = BookInfo.objects.filter(owner=user).all();

            bookSerializer = BookSerializer(books, many=True);
                # 用户登录保存
            request.session['username'] = username;
            return Response(bookSerializer.data, status=HTTP_200_OK);
        else:
            return Response('password error', status=HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST);
    #
    except:
        return Response('username is null',status=HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST);

def toLogin(request):
    return render_to_response('login.html');

@api_view(['POST'])
def UserRegister(request):
    '''
    接受用户信息，检验是否已经注册，然后返回信息，这里不做过多检测
    :param request:
    :return:
    '''
    data = request.data;
    username = data.get('username');
    if User.objects.filter(username__exact=username):
        return Response('用户已经存在',HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST);
    serializer = UserSerializer(data=data);
    #异常处理
    if serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True):
        serializer.save();
        return Response(serializer.data,status=HTTP_200_OK);
    return Response(serializer.errors,status=HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST);

@api_view(['GET'],['POST'])
def UserBook(request):
    '''
    查看自己的信息,返回用户信息和书的信息
    :param request:
    :return:
    '''
    permission_classes = (IsOwnerOrReadOnly);
    #首先检验用户权限

    data = request.data;
    username = data.get('username');
    if username != request.session.get('username'):
        return Response('无权查看',status=HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST);
    books = BookInfo.objects.filter(owner__username__exact=username).all();
    serializer = BookSerializer(books,many=True);
    return Response(serializer.data,status=HTTP_200_OK);
@api_view(['GET','POST'])
def addBookInfo(request):
    '''
    验证用户是否登录，然后保存数据信息
    :param request:
    :return:
    '''
    data = request.data;
    username = request.session.get('username');
    if username is not None:
        serializer = BookSerializer(data=data);
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save(owner=User.objects.get(username__exact=username));
            return Response('success',HTTP_200_OK);
    #重定向到登录页面
    return Response('fail',HTTP_200_OK);
@api_view(['GET','POST'])
def addComment(request):
    '''
    不需要任何验证可以直接保存
    :param request:
    :return:
    '''
    comment_data = request.data;

    serializer = CommentSerializer(data=comment_data);
    print(serializer);
    if serializer.is_valid():

        serializer.save();
        return Response(serializer.data,HTTP_200_OK);
    return Response("faile",HTTP_200_OK);

关于项目中的拦截器和序列化等等的内容就不再一一晒了。

资源地址：

https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_25831381/10641994