(SpringBoot)使用RabbitMQ

依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

配置

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 192.168.18.130
    port: 5672
    username: admin
    password: admin
    #virtualHost: /

生产者确认机制，确保消息正确发送，如果发送失败会有错误回执，从而触发重试

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    publisher-confirms: true

Config类

定义RabbitConfig类，配置Exchange、Queue、及绑定交换机。本例配置Topic交换机。

@Configuration
public class RabbitmqConfig {
    public static final String QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL = "queue_inform_email";
    public static final String QUEUE_INFORM_SMS = "queue_inform_sms";
    public static final String EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM="exchange_topics_inform";

    @Bean(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM)
    public Exchange EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM() {
      //durable(true)持久化，消息队列重启后交换机仍然存在
      return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM).durable(true).build();
    }

      //声明队列
      @Bean(QUEUE_INFORM_SMS)
      public Queue QUEUE_INFORM_SMS() {
        Queue queue = new Queue(QUEUE_INFORM_SMS);
        return queue;
      }

    //声明队列
    @Bean(QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL)
    public Queue QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL() {
        Queue queue = new Queue(QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL);
        return queue;
    }

    //channel.queueBind(INFORM_QUEUE_SMS,"inform_exchange_topic","inform.#.sms.#"); * 绑定队列到交换机 
    @Bean
    public Binding BINDING_QUEUE_INFORM_SMS(@Qualifier(QUEUE_INFORM_SMS) Queue queue,
    @Qualifier(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM) Exchange exchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("inform.#.sms.#").noargs();
    }

    @Bean
    public Binding BINDING_QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL(@Qualifier(QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL) Queue queue,
    @Qualifier(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM) Exchange exchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("inform.#.email.#").noargs();
    }
}

语法

生产端,使用RarbbitTemplate发送消息

消费端,使用@RabbitListener注解监听队列。

@RabbitListener

@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@MessageMapping
@Documented
@Repeatable(RabbitListeners.class)
public @interface RabbitListener {
    String id() default "";

    String containerFactory() default "";

    String[] queues() default {};

    Queue[] queuesToDeclare() default {};

    boolean exclusive() default false;

    String priority() default "";

    String admin() default "";

    QueueBinding[] bindings() default {};

    String group() default "";

    String returnExceptions() default "";

    String errorHandler() default "";

    String concurrency() default "";

    String autoStartup() default "";

    String executor() default "";

    String ackMode() default "";

    String replyPostProcessor() default "";
}

@RabbitListener包含很多内容，在发布订阅模式中，我们可以使用其中的“QueueBinding[] bindings”，其中QueueBinding底层如下：

@Target({})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface QueueBinding {
    Queue value();

    Exchange exchange();

    String[] key() default {};

    String ignoreDeclarationExceptions() default "false";

    Argument[] arguments() default {};

    String declare() default "true";

    String[] admins() default {};
}

其中Queue表示队列，Exchange表示交换机，key表示Routing Key

@Queue会创建队列

@Exchange会创建交换机

@QueueBinding会绑定队列和交换机