C++核心编程——引用
一、引用的基本使用
**作用:**给变量起别名
语法:数据类型 &别名 = 原名
- 两个变量指向的是同一块内存地址
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
//使用引用
int a = 10;
int& b = a;
cout << "a = " << a << endl; //10
cout << "b = " << b << endl; //10
cout << "a = " << &a << endl; //00AFFAF0
cout << "b = " << &b << endl; //00AFFAF0
b = 100;
cout << "a = " << a << endl; //100
cout << "b = " << b << endl; //100
system("pause");
return 0;
}
二、引用注意事项
- 引用必须初始化
- 引用在初始化后,不可以改变
示例
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
//使用引用
int a = 10;
int& b = a;
cout << "a = " << a << endl; //10
cout << "b = " << b << endl; //10
cout << "a的内存地址" << &a << endl; //00AFFAF0
cout << "b的内存地址" << &b << endl; //00AFFAF0
//初始化后不可以更改
int c = 100;
b = c;//此行是赋值操作
cout << "a = " << a << endl; //100
cout << "b = " << b << endl; //100
cout << "c = " << c << endl; //100
cout << "a的内存地址" << &a << endl; //00AFFAF0
cout << "b的内存地址" << &b << endl; //00AFFAF0
cout << "c的内存地址" << &c << endl; //004FFE34
system("pause");
return 0;
}
总结:由此可见,引用在初始化之后,指向的内存地址不能更改
三、引用做函数参数
**作用:**函数传参时,可以利用引用的技术让形参修饰实参
**优点:**可以简化指针修改实参
示例:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void t3func1(int &a, int &b) {
int c = a;
a = b;
b = c;
}
int main() {
int one = 10;
int two = 20;
t3func1(one, two);
cout << "one = " << one << endl; //20
cout << "two = " << two << endl; //10
system("pause");
return 0;
}
引用传递和地址传递效果都是相同的,只是引用的方法更加简洁
四、引用的本质
-
引用的本质在c++内部实现是一个指针常量
-
int a = 10; int& b = a; //相等于 int * const b = &a;
五、常量引用
**作用:**常量引用主要用来修饰形参,防止误操作
在函数形参列表中,可以加const修饰形参,防止形参改变实参
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void t4func1(const int& a) {
//a = 1000; // 使用const修饰形参之后参数不可以修改
cout << "a = " << a << endl;
}
int main() {
int a = 10;
t4func1(a);
system("pause");
return 0;
}