概述
图片验证码是当今使用最广泛的用户验证方式之一，在之前实现了简单的表单登录的基础上，今天用Spring Security来实现一下图片验证码的实现过程。
Spring Security的本质是一系列的过滤器组成的过滤器链，我们只需要自定义一个过滤器并将其插入到Spring Security的过滤器链上，就可以执行我们自定义的认证逻辑了。
一、新建验证码异常类，继承AuthenticationException
/**
* 自定义验证码异常类
* 声明一个验证码异常，用于抛出特定的验证码异常
*
* @author ZHANGCHAO
* @date 2020/3/13 11:16
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class VerifyCodeException extends AuthenticationException {
public VerifyCodeException(String msg) {
super(msg);
}
}
二、新建验证码过滤器VerifyCodeFilter，继承OncePerRequestFilter，保证过滤器每次请求只会被调用一次
/**
* 验证码过滤器
*
* @author ZHANGCHAO
* @date 2020/3/13 11:17
* @since 1.0.0
*/
@Slf4j
@Component
public class VerifyCodeFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
@Autowired
private LoginFailureHandler loginFailureHandler;
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
if (request.getRequestURI().equals("/login") && request.getMethod().equalsIgnoreCase("post")) {
try {
validate(request);
} catch (VerifyCodeException e) {
loginFailureHandler.onAuthenticationFailure(request,response,e);
return;
}
}
// 检验通过，放行！
filterChain.doFilter(request,response);
}
/**
* 验证保存在session的验证码和表单提交的验证码是否一致
*
* @Author ZHANGCHAO
* @Date 2020/3/13 11:30
* @param
* @param request
* @retrun void
**/
private void validate(HttpServletRequest request) throws ServletRequestBindingException {
String captcha = ServletRequestUtils.getStringParameter(request,"captcha");
String code = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute(request.getParameter("uuid"));
log.info("获取提交的captcha: "+captcha);
log.info("获取session保存的code: "+code);
if (!captcha.equalsIgnoreCase(code)){
throw new VerifyCodeException("验证码不正确！");
}
//清除session中的验证码
request.getSession().removeAttribute(request.getParameter("uuid"));
}
}
三、在SecurityConfig配置类中注入刚才新建的验证码过滤器
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests() //需要授权的请求
.antMatchers("/login","/home","/getCode").permitAll() //过滤不需要认证的路径
.anyRequest().authenticated() //对任何一个请求，都需要认证
.and() //完成上一个配置，进行下一步配置
//.httpBasic();
.formLogin() //配置表单登录
.loginPage("/login") //设置登录页面
.successHandler(successHandler) /* 设置成功处理器 */
.failureHandler(failureHandler) /* 设置失败处理器*/
.and()
.logout() //登出
.logoutSuccessUrl("/home"); //设置退出页面
// 添加验证码过滤器
http.addFilterBefore(verifyCodeFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
}
将定义好的过滤器插入到UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter前面，来验证图片验证码。
四、新增验证码工具类和VO类
/**
* 验证码工具类
*
* @author ZHANGCHAO
* @date 2020/3/13 11:45
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public class VerifyCodeUtil {
//使用到Algerian字体，系统里没有的话需要安装字体，字体只显示大写，去掉了1,0,i,o几个容易混淆的字符
private static final String VERIFY_CODES = "23456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";
private static Random random = new Random();
/**
* 使用系统默认字符源生成验证码
* @param verifySize 验证码长度
* @return
*/
public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize){
return generateVerifyCode(verifySize, VERIFY_CODES);
}
/**
* 使用指定源生成验证码
* @param verifySize 验证码长度
* @param sources 验证码字符源
* @return
*/
public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize, String sources){
if(sources == null || sources.length() == 0){
sources = VERIFY_CODES;
}
int codesLen = sources.length();
Random rand = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
StringBuilder verifyCode = new StringBuilder(verifySize);
for(int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++){
verifyCode.append(sources.charAt(rand.nextInt(codesLen-1)));
}
return verifyCode.toString();
}
/**
* 输出指定验证码图片流
* @param w
* @param h
* @param os
* @param code
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void outputImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, String code) throws IOException {
int verifySize = code.length();
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Random rand = new Random();
Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();
g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
Color[] colors = new Color[5];
Color[] colorSpaces = new Color[] { Color.WHITE, Color.CYAN,
Color.GRAY, Color.LIGHT_GRAY, Color.MAGENTA, Color.ORANGE,
Color.PINK, Color.YELLOW };
float[] fractions = new float[colors.length];
for(int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++){
colors[i] = colorSpaces[rand.nextInt(colorSpaces.length)];
fractions[i] = rand.nextFloat();
}
Arrays.sort(fractions);
g2.setColor(Color.GRAY);// 设置边框色
g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);
Color c = getRandColor(200, 250);
g2.setColor(c);// 设置背景色
g2.fillRect(0, 2, w, h-4);
//绘制干扰线
Random random = new Random();
g2.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));// 设置线条的颜色
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
int x = random.nextInt(w - 1);
int y = random.nextInt(h - 1);
int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
g2.drawLine(x, y, x + xl + 40, y + yl + 20);
}
// 添加噪点
float yawpRate = 0.05f;// 噪声率
int area = (int) (yawpRate * w * h);
for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {
int x = random.nextInt(w);
int y = random.nextInt(h);
int rgb = getRandomIntColor();
image.setRGB(x, y, rgb);
}
shear(g2, w, h, c);// 使图片扭曲
g2.setColor(getRandColor(100, 160));
int fontSize = h-4;
Font font = new Font("Algerian", Font.ITALIC, fontSize);
g2.setFont(font);
char[] chars = code.toCharArray();
for(int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++){
AffineTransform affine = new AffineTransform();
affine.setToRotation(Math.PI / 4 * rand.nextDouble() * (rand.nextBoolean() ? 1 : -1), (w / verifySize) * i + fontSize/2, h/2);
g2.setTransform(affine);
g2.drawChars(chars, i, 1, ((w-10) / verifySize) * i + 5, h/2 + fontSize/2 - 10);
}
g2.dispose();
ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", os);
}
private static Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
if (fc > 255)
fc = 255;
if (bc > 255)
bc = 255;
int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
return new Color(r, g, b);
}
private static int getRandomIntColor() {
int[] rgb = getRandomRgb();
int color = 0;
for (int c : rgb) {
color = color << 8;
color = color | c;
}
return color;
}
private static int[] getRandomRgb() {
int[] rgb = new int[3];
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
rgb[i] = random.nextInt(255);
}
return rgb;
}
private static void shear(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
shearX(g, w1, h1, color);
shearY(g, w1, h1, color);
}
private static void shearX(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
int period = random.nextInt(2);
boolean borderGap = true;
int frames = 1;
int phase = random.nextInt(2);
for (int i = 0; i < h1; i++) {
double d = (double) (period >> 1)
* Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
+ (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
/ (double) frames);
g.copyArea(0, i, w1, 1, (int) d, 0);
if (borderGap) {
g.setColor(color);
g.drawLine((int) d, i, 0, i);
g.drawLine((int) d + w1, i, w1, i);
}
}
}
private static void shearY(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
int period = random.nextInt(40) + 10; // 50;
boolean borderGap = true;
int frames = 20;
int phase = 7;
for (int i = 0; i < w1; i++) {
double d = (double) (period >> 1)
* Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
+ (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
/ (double) frames);
g.copyArea(i, 0, 1, h1, 0, (int) d);
if (borderGap) {
g.setColor(color);
g.drawLine(i, (int) d, i, 0);
g.drawLine(i, (int) d + h1, i, h1);
}
}
}
}
/**
* @author ZHANGCHAO
* @date 2020/3/13 13:18
* @since 1.0.0
*/
@Data
public class ImgVO {
private String img;
private String uuid;
public ImgVO(String img, String uuid) {
this.img = img;
this.uuid = uuid;
}
}
五、在controller中增加方法，在登录页面显示验证码
@GetMapping("/getCode")
public Object getVerifyCode(HttpServletRequest request){
/* 生成验证码字符串 */
String verifyCode = VerifyCodeUtil.generateVerifyCode(4);
String uuid = IdUtil.fastSimpleUUID();
System.out.println("verifyCode:"+verifyCode);
System.out.println("uuid:"+uuid);
request.getSession().setAttribute(uuid,verifyCode);
int w = 111, h = 36;
try (ByteArrayOutputStream stream = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
VerifyCodeUtil.outputImage(w,h,stream,verifyCode);
return new ResponseMessage(true, "200", "success", new ImgVO("data:image/gif;base64,"+ Base64Utils.encodeToString(stream.toByteArray()),uuid));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
注意要在SecurityConfig配置类的antMatchers中过滤不需要认证的路径中加入“/getCode”
六、登录页面login加上验证码
启动项目测试：
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