全文检索Lucene（二）--特定项搜索与queryParser搜索

一、对特定项的搜索

      1、准备数据源信息，这里准备了7个txt文档（纯英文）。

   

       2、建立索引信息，通过三个文本域建立索引，并使用了标准的分词器，分别是fileName（存储在索引目录中），fullPath（存储），contents（不存储）。

package com.feiyang.lucene;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Paths;

import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Field;
import org.apache.lucene.document.TextField;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriter;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriterConfig;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;

public class Indexer {

	private IndexWriter writer;// 写索引实例

	/**
	 * 构造方法 实例化写索引
	 * @param indexDir
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public Indexer(String indexDir) throws Exception {
		Directory dir = FSDirectory.open(Paths.get(indexDir));
		Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer();//标准分词器
		IndexWriterConfig conf = new IndexWriterConfig(analyzer);
		writer = new IndexWriter(dir, conf);
	}
	
	//关闭写索引
	public void close()  throws Exception{
		writer.close();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 索引指定目录的所有文件
	 * @param dataDir
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public int index(String dataDir)throws Exception{
		File[] files = new File(dataDir).listFiles();
		for(File f:files){
			indexFile(f);
		}
		return writer.numDocs();
	}
	/**
	 * 索引指定文件
	 * @param f
	 * @throws IOException 
	 */
	private void indexFile(File f) throws IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("索引文件:"+f.getCanonicalPath());
		Document document = getDocument(f);
		writer.addDocument(document);
	}
	/**
	 * 获取文档 ,文档里再设置每个字段
	 * @param f
	 */
	private Document getDocument(File f)  throws IOException{
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Document doc = new Document();
		doc.add(new TextField("contents",new FileReader(f)));
		doc.add(new TextField("fileName", f.getName(),Field.Store.YES));
		doc.add(new TextField("fullPath", f.getCanonicalPath(),Field.Store.YES));
		return doc;
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String indexDir="D:\\lucene4";
		String dataDir="D:\\lucene4\\data";
		Indexer indexer = null;
		int numIndexed = 0;
		Long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
		try {
			indexer = new Indexer(indexDir);
			numIndexed = indexer.index(dataDir);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally {
			try {
				indexer.close();
			} catch (Exception e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		Long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
		System.out.println("索引："+numIndexed+"个文件，花费了"+(endTime-startTime)+"毫秒");
	
		//System.out.println("");
		
	}
	
}

       测试结果为：可以看到我们的七个文件都已经成功添加索引。

        
  

       3、对特定项进行搜索。

package com.feiyang.lucene;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import java.nio.file.Paths;

import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.index.DirectoryReader;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexReader;
import org.apache.lucene.index.Term;
import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher;
import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;
import org.apache.lucene.search.ScoreDoc;
import org.apache.lucene.search.TermQuery;
import org.apache.lucene.search.TopDocs;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

public class SearchTest {

	private Directory dir;
	private IndexReader reader ;
	private IndexSearcher search;
	@Before
	public void setUp() throws Exception {
		dir = FSDirectory.open(Paths.get("D:\\lucene4"));
		reader = DirectoryReader.open(dir);
		search = new IndexSearcher(reader);
	}

	@Test
	public void test() {
		fail("Not yet implemented");
	}
	@After
	public void tearDown() throws Exception {
		reader.close();
	}
	/**
	 * 对特定项搜索
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	@Test
	public void testTermQuery() throws Exception{
		String searchField = "contents";
		String q = "particular";
		Term term = new Term(searchField, q);
		Query query = new TermQuery(term);
		TopDocs hits = search.search(query, 10);
		System.out.println("匹配 '"+q+"'，总共查询到"+hits.totalHits+"个文档");
		for(ScoreDoc scoreDoc:hits.scoreDocs){
			Document doc=search.doc(scoreDoc.doc);
			System.out.println(doc.get("fullPath"));
		}
	}
	

}

       测试结果：成功匹配到4个文本中包含特定项‘particular’。

     

       这个时候我们将特定项‘particular’改成‘particula’，去掉了最后一个字母，在进行测试。

       测试结果：我们可以看到少了最后一个字母的特定项，没有检索出数据。

    

      解释：我们的分词器会将我们指定的fileName，filePath，contents的内容进行分词，而基于特定项的检索就是根据分词后的结果进行检索。所以这种方法在我们环境中，不经常使用。

二、查询表达式：queryParser

     通过Query query = parser.parse(“查询的关键词”)，对关键词进行表达式设计，搜索信息。

/**
	 * 解析查询
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	@Test
	public void testQueryParse()throws Exception{
		Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer();
		String searchField = "contents";
		String[] q ={"particular","particular java","particular AND commercial ","particula","particula~"};
		//查询特定项particular信息
		//String q1 = "particular";
		//查询获取particular或者java的信息
		//String q2 = "particular java";
		//查询获取particular与java的信息
		//String q3 = "particular AND java";
		//查询特定项particula的信息
		//String q4 = "particula";
		//查询particula相近的信息
		//String q5 = "particula~";
		QueryParser parser = new QueryParser(searchField, analyzer);
		for(int i=0;i<q.length;i++){
			Query query = parser.parse(q[i]);
			TopDocs hits = search.search(query, 10);
			System.out.println("---------查询到'"+q[i]+"',共有"+hits.totalHits+"条信息---------");
			for(ScoreDoc scoreDoc :hits.scoreDocs){
				Document document = search.doc(scoreDoc.doc);
				System.out.println(document.get("fullPath"));
			}
		}
		
	}

         测试结果：

       

三、其他查询方式：

      1、指定项范围查询TermRangeQuery

      2、指定数字范围查询NumbericRangeQuery

      3、指定字符串开头搜索PrefixQuery

      4、组合查询BooleanQuery

package com.feiyang.lucene;

import static org.junit.Assert.fail;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Paths;

import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.index.DirectoryReader;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexReader;
import org.apache.lucene.index.Term;
import org.apache.lucene.search.BooleanClause;
import org.apache.lucene.search.BooleanQuery;
import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher;
import org.apache.lucene.search.NumericRangeQuery;
import org.apache.lucene.search.PrefixQuery;
import org.apache.lucene.search.ScoreDoc;
import org.apache.lucene.search.TermRangeQuery;
import org.apache.lucene.search.TopDocs;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;
import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRef;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

public class SearchTest2 {

	private Directory dir;
	private IndexReader reader ;
	private IndexSearcher search;
	@Before
	public void setUp() throws Exception {
		dir = FSDirectory.open(Paths.get("D:\\lucene5"));
		reader = DirectoryReader.open(dir);
		search = new IndexSearcher(reader);
	}

	@Test
	public void test() {
		fail("Not yet implemented");
	}
	@After
	public void tearDown() throws Exception {
		reader.close();
	}
	/**
	 * 对特定项范围搜索:TermRangeQuery
	 * @throws IOException 
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	@Test
	public void testTermRangeQuery() throws IOException{
		TermRangeQuery query  = new TermRangeQuery("desc", new BytesRef("a".getBytes()), new BytesRef("c".getBytes()), true, true);
		TopDocs hits = search.search(query, 10);
		for(ScoreDoc scoreDoc:hits.scoreDocs){
			Document doc=search.doc(scoreDoc.doc);
			System.out.println(doc.get("id"));
			System.out.println(doc.get("city"));
			System.out.println(doc.get("desc"));
		}
	}
	/**
	 * 指定数字范围查询:NumbericRangeQuery
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	@Test
	public void testNumbericRangeQuery()throws Exception{
		NumericRangeQuery<Integer>  query = NumericRangeQuery.newIntRange("id", 1, 2, true, true);
		TopDocs hits = search.search(query, 10);
		for(ScoreDoc scoreDoc:hits.scoreDocs){
			Document doc=search.doc(scoreDoc.doc);
			System.out.println(doc.get("id"));
			System.out.println(doc.get("city"));
			System.out.println(doc.get("desc"));
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 指定字符串开头搜索:PrefixQuery
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	@Test
	public void testPrefixQuery()throws Exception{
		String searchField = "city";
		String q = "q";
		Term term = new Term(searchField, q);
		PrefixQuery  query =  new PrefixQuery(term);
		TopDocs hits = search.search(query, 10);
		for(ScoreDoc scoreDoc:hits.scoreDocs){
			Document doc=search.doc(scoreDoc.doc);
			System.out.println(doc.get("id"));
			System.out.println(doc.get("city"));
			System.out.println(doc.get("desc"));
		}
	}
	/**
	 * 组合查询
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	@Test
	public void testBooleanQuery()throws Exception{
		NumericRangeQuery<Integer>  query = NumericRangeQuery.newIntRange("id", 1, 2, true, true);
		BooleanQuery.Builder booleanQuery = new BooleanQuery.Builder();
		//BooleanClause.Occur.MUST:包含
		//BooleanClause.Occur.MUST_NOT：不包含
		//BooleanClause.Occur.SHOULD:或者
		booleanQuery.add(query, BooleanClause.Occur.MUST);
		TopDocs hits = search.search(booleanQuery.build(), 10);
		for(ScoreDoc scoreDoc:hits.scoreDocs){
			Document doc=search.doc(scoreDoc.doc);
			System.out.println(doc.get("id"));
			System.out.println(doc.get("city"));
			System.out.println(doc.get("desc"));
		}
	}

}