org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener

1、用法

ContextLoaderListener的作用就是启动Web容器时，自动装配ApplicationContext的配置信息。因为它实现了ServletContextListener这个接口，在web.xml配置这个监听器，启动容器时，就会默认执行它实现的方法。至于ApplicationContext.xml这个配置文件部署在哪，如何配置多个xml文件，书上都没怎么详细说明。现在的方法就是查看它的API文档。在ContextLoaderListener中关联了ContextLoader这个类，所以整个加载配置过程由ContextLoader来完成。看看它的API说明

第一段说明ContextLoader可以由 ContextLoaderListener和ContextLoaderServlet生成。如果查看ContextLoaderServlet的API，可以看到它也关联了ContextLoader这个类而且它实现了HttpServlet。这个接口

第二段，ContextLoader创建的是 XmlWebApplicationContext<wbr>这样一个类，它实现的接口是WebApplicationContext-&gt;ConfigurableWebApplicati<wbr>onContext-&gt;ApplicationContext-&gt;BeanFactory这样一来spring中的所有bean都由这个类来创建</wbr></wbr>

第三段,讲如何部署applicationContext的xml文件，如果在web.xml中不写任何参数配置信息，默认的路径是”/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml，在WEB-INF目录下创建的xml文件的名称必须是applicationContext.xml。如果是要自定义文件名可以在web.xml里加入contextConfigLocation这个context参数：

<wbr><wbr><br><wbr>contextConfigLocation<wbr><br><wbr><wbr><br><wbr>/WEB-INF/classes/applicationContext-*.xml<wbr><br><wbr><wbr><br><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

在里指定相应的xml文件名，如果有多个xml文件，可以写在一起并一“,”号分隔。上面的applicationContext-*.xml采用通配符，比如这那个目录下有applicationContext-ibatis-base.xml，applicationContext-action.xml，applicationContext-ibatis-dao.xml等文件，都会一同被载入。

由此可见applicationContext.xml的文件位置就可以有两种默认实现：

第一种：直接将之放到/WEB-INF下，之在web.xml中声明一个listener、

第二种：将之放到classpath下，但是此时要在web.xml中加入，用它来指明你的applicationContext.xml的位置以供web容器来加载。按照 Struts2 整合spring的官方给出的档案，写成：

<wbr><wbr><br><wbr><br> contextConfigLocation<wbr><br> /WEB-INF/applicationContext-*.xml,classpath*:applicationContext-*.xml<wbr><br></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>

<wbr></wbr>

2、org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfi<wbr>gurer<wbr>配置文件</wbr></wbr>

Spring的框架中为您提供了一个 BeanFactoryPostProcessor<wbr>的实作类别： org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfi<wbr>gurer。藉由这个类别，您可以将一些组态设定，移出至.properties档案中，如此的安排可以让XML定义档负责系统相关设定，而.properties档可以作为客户根据需求，自定义一些相关的参数。<br> 来看一个Bean定义档的实际例子：<br> beans-config.xml<br></wbr></wbr>

Xml代码 <wbr><a target="_blank" title="收藏这段代码" style="text-decoration:underline; color:rgb(78,83,92)"><img alt="收藏代码" src="http://wangyu.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png" title="org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener" style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; list-style:none"></a></wbr>

1. <?xml<wbr></wbr>version="1.0"<wbr></wbr>encoding="UTF-8"?><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
2. <!DOCTYPE<wbr>beans<wbr>PUBLIC<wbr>"-//SPRING/DTD<wbr>BEAN/EN"<wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
3. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>"http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
4. <wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
5. <beans><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
6. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr><bean<wbr></wbr>id="configBean"<wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
7. <wbr></wbr>class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfi<wbr>gurer"</wbr>><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr><property<wbr></wbr>name="location"><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr><value>hello.properties</value><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></property><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></bean><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
8. <wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
9. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr><bean<wbr></wbr>id="helloBean"<wbr></wbr>class="onlyfun.caterpillar.HelloBean"><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
10. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr><property<wbr></wbr>name="helloWord"><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
11. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr><value>${onlyfun.caterpillar.helloWord}</value><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
12. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></property><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
13. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></bean><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
14. </beans><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>

假设在helloBean中有许多依赖注入的属性，这些都是比较不常变动的属性，而其中helloWord会经常变动，可以透过hello.properties来简单的设定，而这个资讯已设定在configBean的location属性中：
hello.properties

Java代码 <wbr><a target="_blank" title="收藏这段代码" style="text-decoration:underline; color:rgb(78,83,92)"><img alt="收藏代码" src="http://wangyu.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png" title="org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener" style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; list-style:none"></a></wbr>

1. onlyfun.caterpillar.helloWord=Welcome!<wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>

在helloBean的helloWord属性中，${onlyfun.caterpillar.helloWord}将会被hello.properties的helloWord所取代。

如果有多个.properties档案，则可以透过locations属性来设定，例如：
beans-config.xml

Xml代码 <wbr><a target="_blank" title="收藏这段代码" style="text-decoration:underline; color:rgb(78,83,92)"><img alt="收藏代码" src="http://wangyu.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png" title="org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener" style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; list-style:none"></a></wbr>

1. <?xml<wbr></wbr>version="1.0"<wbr></wbr>encoding="UTF-8"?><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
2. <!DOCTYPE<wbr>beans<wbr>PUBLIC<wbr>"-//SPRING/DTD<wbr>BEAN/EN"<wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
3. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>"http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"</wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
4. <wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
5. <beans><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
6. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr><bean<wbr></wbr>id="configBean"<wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
7. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfi<wbr>gurer"</wbr>><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr><property<wbr></wbr>name="locations"><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
8. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr><list><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr><value>hello.properties</value><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
9. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr><value>welcome.properties</value><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
10. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr><value>other.properties</value><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
11. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></list><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
12. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></property><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></bean><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
13. <wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
14. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr><bean<wbr></wbr>id="helloBean"<wbr></wbr>class="onlyfun.caterpillar.HelloBean"><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
15. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr><property<wbr></wbr>name="helloWord"><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
16. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr><value>${onlyfun.caterpillar.helloWord}</value><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
17. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></property><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
18. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>... <wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
19. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></bean><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
20. </beans><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>

PropertyPlaceholderConfi<wbr>gurer类就是bean factory post-processor的一种，它的作用是一个资源属性的配置器，能够将BeanFactory的里定义的内容放在一个以.propertis后缀的文件中。<br> 例如－－－spring-context.xml－－－－<br></wbr>

Xml代码 <wbr><a target="_blank" title="收藏这段代码" style="text-decoration:underline; color:rgb(78,83,92)"><img alt="收藏代码" src="http://wangyu.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png" title="org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener" style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; list-style:none"></a></wbr>

1. <bean<wbr></wbr>id="propertyConfigurer"<wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfi<wbr>gurer"</wbr>><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
2. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr><property<wbr></wbr>name="locations"><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
3. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr><list><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
4. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr><value>/WEB-INF/jdbc.properties</value><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
5. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></list><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
6. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></property><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
7. <wbr></wbr></bean><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
8. <bean<wbr></wbr>id="dataSource"<wbr></wbr>class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
9. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr><property<wbr></wbr>name="driverClassName"><value>${driver}</value></property><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
10. <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr><property<wbr></wbr>name="url"><value>jdbc:${dbname}</value></property><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
11. </bean><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>

而实际的jdbc.propertis文件是
jdbc.driverClassName=org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver
jdbc.url=jdbc:hsqldb:hsql://production:9002
jdbc.username=sa
jdbc.password=root
而jdbc.propertis是怎样引用的呢：将上边一段配置注册在web.xml中就可以了

Xml代码 <wbr><a target="_blank" title="收藏这段代码" style="text-decoration:underline; color:rgb(78,83,92)"><img alt="收藏代码" src="http://wangyu.iteye.com/images/icon_star.png" title="org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener" style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; list-style:none"></a></wbr>

1. <context-param><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
2. <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
3. <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-context.xml</param-value><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
4. </context-param><wbr>当然，不要忘了spring的监听器注册 <wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>
5. <listener><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
6. <listener-class><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
7. org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener <wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
8. </listener-class><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>
9. </listener><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr>

这样，一个简单的数据源就设置完毕了。
实际上，PropertyPlaceholderConfi<wbr>gurer起的作用就是将占位符指向的数据库配置信息放在bean中定义<br> 的工具。</wbr>