上一篇文章有讲到rabbitmq的安装、web管理端和springboot简单集成rabbitmq
本文重点介绍rabbitmq相关api的使用
按照官网常用的五种模式的顺序:HelloWorld、Work queues、Publish/Subscribe、Routing、Topics
模式简单介绍
HelloWorld
一个生产者,一个队列,一个消费者。
一个demo,实际很少使用。
Work queues
在多个消费者之间分配任务,竞争消费模式。
Publish/Subscribe
发布订阅模式,同时向多个消费者发送消息。
Routing
选择性的接收消息
Topics
基于表达式接收消息
模式具体使用(rabbitmqclient)
HelloWorld
创建maven项目并且引入依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
<artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
<version>5.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
创建工具类,用于处理连接和信道的创建,以及他们的关闭
package org.cc;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class ConnectionUtils {
public static Connection createConnection() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
// connectionFactory.setHost("localhost");//默认主机:localhost
// connectionFactory.setPort(5672);//默认端口5672
// connectionFactory.setUsername("guest");//默认用户名:guest
// connectionFactory.setPassword("guest");//默认密码:guest
// connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");//默认虚拟主机:/
return connectionFactory.newConnection();
}
public static void closeConnection(Connection connection, Channel channel) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
创建消费者
package org.cc;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class HelloWorldConsumer {
@Test
public void sendMsg() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.createConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
/*
声明一个名称是my helloworld queue,持久化,非独享,非自动删除的队列
durable – 是否持久化,为true时重启rabbitmq服务,会保留原有的队列
exclusive – 是否独享,为true时连接一旦断开,会自动删除队列
autoDelete 是否自动删除,为true时一旦队列被消费,会自动删除队列
*/
//若队列已存在,这些参数必须与队列一致,若队列不存在则创建
channel.queueDeclare("my helloworld queue",true,false,false,null);
channel.basicConsume("my helloworld queue",true,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.out.println("helloworld consumer接收到消息:"+new String(body));
}
});
System.in.read();//保持消费者一直监听队列
}
}
创建生产者
package org.cc;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class HelloWorldProducer {
@Test
public void sendMsg() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.createConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
/*
声明一个名称是my helloworld queue,持久化,非独享,非自动删除的队列
durable – 是否持久化,为true时重启rabbitmq服务,会保留原有的队列
exclusive – 是否独享,为true时连接一旦断开,会自动删除队列
autoDelete 是否自动删除,为true时一旦队列被消费,会自动删除队列
*/
//若队列已存在,这些参数必须与队列一致,若队列不存在则创建
channel.queueDeclare("my helloworld queue",true,false,false,null);
channel.basicPublish("","my helloworld queue",null,"helloworld消息内容".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
ConnectionUtils.closeConnection(connection,channel);
}
}
若要保证rabbitmq重启后消息仍然存在,生产者发送消息时需要设置props参数
channel.basicPublish("","my helloworld queue", MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,"helloworld消息内容".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
开启手动ack,消费者接收到消息时,需要手动发送ack确认后消息才会真正从队列中删除
channel.basicConsume("my helloworld queue",false,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.out.println("helloworld consumer接收到消息:"+new String(body));
channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
}
});
Work queues
创建消费者,与上面helloworld模式代码基本一致,将原有的创建消费者的代码重复一遍
package org.cc;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class HelloWorldConsumer {
@Test
public void sendMsg() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.createConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
/*
声明一个名称是my helloworld queue,持久化,非独享,非自动删除的队列
durable – 是否持久化,为true时重启rabbitmq服务,会保留原有的队列
exclusive – 是否独享,为true时连接一旦断开,会自动删除队列
autoDelete 是否自动删除,为true时一旦队列被消费,会自动删除队列
*/
//若队列已存在,这些参数必须与队列一致,若队列不存在则创建
channel.queueDeclare("my helloworld queue",true,false,false,null);
channel.basicConsume("my helloworld queue",true,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.out.println("helloworld consumer接收到消息:"+new String(body));
}
});
System.in.read();//保持消费者一直监听队列
}
}
创建生产者,与上面helloworld模式代码基本一致,这里连续发送10条消息
package org.cc;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.MessageProperties;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class WorkProducer {
@Test
public void sendMsg() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.createConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.queueDeclare("my work queue",true,false,false,null);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
channel.basicPublish("","my work queue", MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,("work消息内容"+i).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
}
ConnectionUtils.closeConnection(connection,channel);
}
}
从消费者的控制台可以看到两个消费者轮流接收到消息
Publish/Subscribe
消费者
package org.cc;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class Subscriber {
@Test
public void receive() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.createConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare("fanout exchange", BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT);
channel.queueDeclare("my fanout queue1",true,false,false,null);
channel.queueBind("my fanout queue1","fanout exchange","");
channel.basicConsume("my fanout queue1",true,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.out.println("my fanout queue1 consumer接收到消息:"+new String(body));
}
});
Connection connection1 = ConnectionUtils.createConnection();
Channel channel1 = connection1.createChannel();
channel1.queueDeclare("my fanout queue2",true,false,false,null);
channel.queueBind("my fanout queue2","fanout exchange","");
channel1.basicConsume("my fanout queue2",true,new DefaultConsumer(channel1){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.out.println("my fanout queue2 consumer接收到消息:"+new String(body));
}
});
System.in.read();//保持消费者一直监听队列
}
}
生产者
package org.cc;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.MessageProperties;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class Publisher {
@Test
public void sendMsg() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.createConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare("fanout exchange", BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT);
channel.basicPublish("fanout exchange","", MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,"fanout exchange消息内容".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
ConnectionUtils.closeConnection(connection,channel);
}
}
队列需要同交换机绑定,生产者向交换机发送消息
Routing
消费者
package org.cc;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class RoutingKeyConsumer {
@Test
public void receive() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.createConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare("direct exchange", BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
channel.queueDeclare("my direct queue1",true,false,false,null);
channel.queueBind("my direct queue1","direct exchange","info");
channel.basicConsume("my direct queue1",true,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.out.println("my direct queue1 consumer接收到消息:"+new String(body));
}
});
Connection connection1 = ConnectionUtils.createConnection();
Channel channel1 = connection1.createChannel();
channel1.queueDeclare("my direct queue2",true,false,false,null);
channel.queueBind("my direct queue2","direct exchange","info");
channel.queueBind("my direct queue2","direct exchange","error");
channel1.basicConsume("my direct queue2",true,new DefaultConsumer(channel1){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.out.println("my direct queue2 consumer接收到消息:"+new String(body));
}
});
System.in.read();//保持消费者一直监听队列
}
}
生产者
package org.cc;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.MessageProperties;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class RoutingProducer {
@Test
public void sendMsg() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.createConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare("direct exchange", BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
channel.basicPublish("direct exchange","info", MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,"direct exchange info消息内容".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
channel.basicPublish("direct exchange","error", MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,"direct exchange error消息内容".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
ConnectionUtils.closeConnection(connection,channel);
}
}
Topics
交换机路由消息给队列时基于表达式,*匹配1个,#配置0个或1个或多个
例如:当队列1的路由值设置user.*,队列2的路由值设置user.#时,向交换机分别发送四条消息,消息的路由值分别为user.insert、user.insert.a、user.、user
此时队列1会收到路由值为user.insert和user.的消息,队列1能收到上面全部四条消息
消费者代码
package org.cc;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class TopicsConsumer {
@Test
public void receive() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.createConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare("topic exchange", BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);
channel.queueDeclare("my topic queue1",true,false,false,null);
channel.queueBind("my topic queue1","topic exchange","user.*");
channel.basicConsume("my topic queue1",true,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.out.println("my topic queue1 consumer接收到消息:"+new String(body));
}
});
Connection connection1 = ConnectionUtils.createConnection();
Channel channel1 = connection1.createChannel();
channel1.queueDeclare("my topic queue2",true,false,false,null);
channel.queueBind("my topic queue2","topic exchange","user.#");
channel1.basicConsume("my topic queue2",true,new DefaultConsumer(channel1){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.out.println("my topic queue2 consumer接收到消息:"+new String(body));
}
});
System.in.read();//保持消费者一直监听队列
}
}
生产者代码
package org.cc;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.MessageProperties;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class TopicsProducer {
@Test
public void sendMsg() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.createConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare("topic exchange", BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);
channel.basicPublish("topic exchange","user.insert", MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,"topic exchange user.insert消息内容".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
channel.basicPublish("topic exchange","user.insert.a", MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,"topic exchange user.insert.a消息内容".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
channel.basicPublish("topic exchange","user.", MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,"topic exchange user.消息内容".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
channel.basicPublish("topic exchange","user", MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,"topic exchange user消息内容".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
ConnectionUtils.closeConnection(connection,channel);
}
}
模式具体使用(springboot集成rabbitmq)
使用idea构建项目,选择spring initializer,创建生产者项目springboot-rabbitmq-producer
dependencies选择如下
application.properties设置如下
使用同样的方式创建消费者项目springboot-rabbitmq-consumer,将server.port设置为8081
当前springboot版本最新为2.6.3
HelloWorld
创建消费者并启动消费者应用
package com.example.springbootrabbitmqconsumer.helloworld;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* springboot-rabbitmq-producer
*
* @author v_choncheng
* @description
* @create 2022-02-15 14:42
*/
@Component
@RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue("helloworld"))
public class HelloWorldConsumer {
@RabbitHandler
public void receive(String msg) {
System.out.println("消费者接受到消息" + msg);
}
}
创建生产者
package com.example.springbootrabbitmqproducer.helloworld;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* springboot-rabbitmq-producer
*
* @author v_choncheng
* @description
* @create 2022-02-15 14:42
*/
@Configuration
public class HelloWorldProducer {
@Bean
public Queue createQueue() {
return new Queue("helloworld");
}
}
生产者工程测试类中增加测试方法
运行此测试方法后可以看到消费者接收到一条消息
Work queues
创建消费者并启动消费者应用
package com.example.springbootrabbitmqconsumer.workqueues;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* springboot-rabbitmq-consumer
*
* @author v_choncheng
* @description
* @create 2022-02-15 15:11
*/
@Component
public class WorkQueuesConsumer {
@RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue("workqueues"))
public void receive1(String msg) {
System.out.println("消费者1接受到消息" + msg);
}
@RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue("workqueues"))
public void receive2(String msg) {
System.out.println("消费者2接受到消息" + msg);
}
}
生产者工程测试类中增加测试方法
运行此测试方法后可以看到消费者1、2轮流接收到消息
Publish/Subscribe
创建消费者并启动消费者应用
package com.example.springbootrabbitmqconsumer.fanout;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* springboot-rabbitmq-consumer
*
* @author v_choncheng
* @description
* @create 2022-02-15 15:23
*/
@Component
public class FanoutConsumer {
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(exchange = @Exchange(type = ExchangeTypes.FANOUT, name = "fanoutexchange"), value = @Queue("fanoutqueues1")))
public void receive1(String msg) {
System.out.println("消费者1接受到消息" + msg);
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(exchange = @Exchange(type = ExchangeTypes.FANOUT, name = "fanoutexchange"), value = @Queue("fanoutqueues2")))
public void receive2(String msg) {
System.out.println("消费者2接受到消息" + msg);
}
}
生产者工程测试类中增加测试方法
运行此测试方法后可以看到消费者1、2同时接收到消息
Routing
创建消费者并启动消费者应用
package com.example.springbootrabbitmqconsumer.routing;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* springboot-rabbitmq-consumer
*
* @author v_choncheng
* @description
* @create 2022-02-15 15:38
*/
@Component
public class RoutingConsumer {
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(exchange = @Exchange(type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT, name = "routingexchange"), value = @Queue("routingqueues1"), key = {
"debug", "verbose", "notice", "warning"}))
public void receive1(String msg) {
System.out.println("消费者1接受到消息" + msg);
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(exchange = @Exchange(type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT, name = "routingexchange"), value = @Queue("routingqueues2"), key = {
"debug", "verbose"}))
public void receive2(String msg) {
System.out.println("消费者2接受到消息" + msg);
}
}
生产者工程测试类中增加测试方法
运行此测试方法后可以看到消费者1接收四条消息、消费者2只接收到debug和verbose消息
Topics
创建消费者并启动消费者应用
package com.example.springbootrabbitmqconsumer.topics;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* springboot-rabbitmq-consumer
*
* @author v_choncheng
* @description
* @create 2022-02-15 15:38
*/
@Component
public class TopicsConsumer {
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(exchange = @Exchange(type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC, name = "topicexchange"), value = @Queue("topicqueues1"), key = {
"user.*"}))
public void receive1(String msg) {
System.out.println("消费者1接受到消息" + msg);
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(exchange = @Exchange(type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC, name = "topicexchange"), value = @Queue("topicqueues2"), key = {
"user.#", "verbose"}))
public void receive2(String msg) {
System.out.println("消费者2接受到消息" + msg);
}
}
生产者工程测试类中增加测试方法
运行此测试方法后可以看到消费者2接收四条消息、消费者1只接收到user.和user.insert消息