JDBC代码实现（单例模式，多线程，泛型）

本代码，分别使用了 “单例模式“ （其中涉及多线程问题）、 “泛型”。

PS:此项目需要手动导入以下四个jar包。

classes12.jar
commons-beanutils-1.9.2.jar
commons-collections.jar
commons-logging-1.2.jar

1、定义了一个 JDBCTool类

package com.yan.jdbc;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;

import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;

public class JDBCTool {
	private static Connection conn = null;
	private static PreparedStatement pres = null;
	private static ResultSet rst = null;

	/*
	 * 单例模式（懒汉式===涉及多线程问题） 1：私有的构造方法 2：私有静态的对象 3：公有的静态get方法，让对象进行实例化
	 */
	private JDBCTool() {
	}

	private static JDBCTool jdbc = null;

	public static JDBCTool getJDBC() {
		if (jdbc == null) {
			synchronized (Class.class) {
				jdbc = new JDBCTool();
			}
		}
		return jdbc;
	}

	// 建立连接（运用“流”的方式从外部导入文本参数）
	private Connection getConn() throws SQLException {
		String driver = "";
		String url = "";
		String user = "";
		String password = "";

		File file = new File("jdbc.properties");
		FileInputStream fis;
		try {
			fis = new FileInputStream(file);
			Properties ppt = new Properties();
			ppt.load(fis);

			// 用properties对象从“流”中获取到各个参数的值
			driver = ppt.getProperty("driver");
			url = ppt.getProperty("url");
			user = ppt.getProperty("user");
			password = ppt.getProperty("psw");

			Class.forName(driver);
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

		return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
	}

	// select查询 :用“泛型”
	public <T> T jdbcSelect(Class<T> clazz, String sql, Object... args) {
		T entity = null;

		try {
			// preparedStatement方式的JDBC连接
			conn = jdbc.getConn();
			pres = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
			for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
				pres.setObject(i + 1, args[i]);
			}
			rst = pres.executeQuery();

			/*
			 * 利用ResultSet的getMetaData的方法可以获得ResultSetMetaData对象，
			 * 而ResultSetMetaData存储了 ResultSet的MetaData。
			 * 所谓的MetaData在英文中的解释为“Data about Data”，直译成中文则为“有关数据的数据”或者“描述数据的数据”，
			 * 实际上就是描述及解释含义的数据。以Result的MetaData为例，ResultSet是以表格的形式存在，
			 * 所以getMetaData就包括了数据的字段名称、类型以及数目等表格所必须具备的信息。
			 */
			ResultSetMetaData rsmt = rst.getMetaData();
			HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();

			while (rst.next()) {
				// 从ResultSetMetaData对象里面获取rst结果集中的列名，跟值
				for (int i = 0; i < rsmt.getColumnCount(); i++) {
					String columnLableName = rsmt.getColumnLabel(i + 1);
					Object columnLableValue = rst.getObject(columnLableName);
					map.put(columnLableName, columnLableValue);
				}

				if (map.size() > 0) {
					// newInstance等同于entity=new T();只是在泛型中T类是一个虚拟的，不能用new去进行实例化
					entity = clazz.newInstance();
					// 对map对象进行遍历（加强for循环的方式遍历）
					for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : map.entrySet()) {
						String name = entry.getKey();
						Object value = entry.getValue();
						BeanUtils.setProperty(entity, name, value);
					}
				}
			}

		} catch (SQLException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			// 释放对象
			jdbc.relasedJDBC(conn, pres, rst);
		}

		return entity;
	}

	// insert delete update 增 删 改
	public void jdbcUpdate(String sql, Object... args) {
		try {
			conn = jdbc.getConn();
			pres = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
			for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
				pres.setObject(i + 1, args[i]);
			}
			pres.executeUpdate();
			System.out.println("操作成功！");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			System.out.println("操作失败！请重新操作。");
		} finally {
			jdbc.relasedJDBC(conn, pres);
		}
	}

	// 注销 conn，prs ，rst
	private void relasedJDBC(Connection conn, PreparedStatement pres,
			ResultSet rst) {

		try {
			if (rst != null) {
				rst.close();
				rst = null;
			}
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

		try {
			if (pres != null) {
				pres.close();
				pres = null;
			}
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

		try {
			if (conn != null) {
				conn.close();
				conn = null;
			}
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	// 注销 conn，prs
	private void relasedJDBC(Connection conn, PreparedStatement pres) {
		try {
			if (pres != null) {
				pres.close();
				pres = null;
			}
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

		try {
			if (conn != null) {
				conn.close();
				conn = null;
			}
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

2、定义一个Student类（作为实现“泛型”的例子使用）

package com.yan.jdbc;

public class Student {
	private int flowID;// 流水号
	private int type;// 四级/六级
	private String idCard;// 身份证号码
	private String examCard;// 准考证号码
	private String studentName;// 学生姓名
	private String location;// 区域
	private int grade;// 成绩

	public Student() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	public Student(int flowID, int type, String idCard, String examCard,
			String studentName, String location, int grade) {
		super();
		this.flowID = flowID;
		this.type = type;
		this.idCard = idCard;
		this.examCard = examCard;
		this.studentName = studentName;
		this.location = location;
		this.grade = grade;
	}

	public int getFlowID() {
		return flowID;
	}

	public void setFLOWID(int flowID) {
		this.flowID = flowID;
	}

	public int getType() {
		return type;
	}

	public void setTYPE(int type) {
		this.type = type;
	}

	public String getIdCard() {
		return idCard;
	}

	public void setIDCARD(String idCard) {
		this.idCard = idCard;
	}

	public String getExamCard() {
		return examCard;
	}

	public void setEXAMCARD(String examCard) {
		this.examCard = examCard;
	}

	public String getStudentName() {
		return studentName;
	}

	public void setSTUDENTNAME(String studentName) {
		this.studentName = studentName;
	}

	public String getLocation() {
		return location;
	}

	public void setLOCATION(String location) {
		this.location = location;
	}

	public int getGrade() {
		return grade;
	}

	public void setGRADE(int grade) {
		this.grade = grade;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [flowID=" + flowID + ", type=" + type + ", idCard="
				+ idCard + ", examCard=" + examCard + ", studentName="
				+ studentName + ", location=" + location + ", grade=" + grade
				+ "]";
	}

}

3、测试类（其中包含一个在控制台输入相关信息的方法）

package com.yan.jdbc;

import java.util.Scanner;

import org.junit.Test;

public class JDBCTest {

	@Test
	public void test() {
		String sql = "";
		Student stu = new Student();
		JDBCTool jdbc = JDBCTool.getJDBC();
		JDBCTest.scannerInfo(stu);
		//新增语句
		sql = "insert into examstudent values(?,?,?,?,?,?,?)";
		jdbc.jdbcUpdate(sql, stu.getFlowID(), stu.getType(), stu.getIdCard(),
				stu.getExamCard(), stu.getStudentName(), stu.getLocation(),
				stu.getGrade());
		//华丽的分割线
		System.out.println("===========================================");
		//条件查询语句
		sql ="select flowId,type,idCard,studentName,location from examStudent where flowId=?";
		stu=jdbc.jdbcSelect(Student.class, sql, 23);
		System.out.println(stu);
	}
	//控制台录入信息的方法
	private static Student scannerInfo(Student stu) {
		System.out.println("==========请输入录入的学生信息==========");
		Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

		System.out.println("flowID");
		stu.setFLOWID(scan.nextInt());

		System.out.println("type");
		stu.setTYPE(scan.nextInt());

		System.out.println("idCard");
		stu.setIDCARD(scan.next());

		System.out.println("examCard");
		stu.setEXAMCARD(scan.next());

		System.out.println("studentName");
		stu.setSTUDENTNAME(scan.next());

		System.out.println("location");
		stu.setLOCATION(scan.next());

		System.out.println("grade");
		stu.setGRADE(scan.nextInt());

		return stu;
	}
}