1 安装开发者工具
sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install cmake
sudo apt-get install unzip
sudo apt-get install pkg-config
2 安装一些处理图像与视频时必须的依赖
sudo apt-get install libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev
sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libv4l-dev
sudo apt-get install libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev
3 安装GTK,以下第二行命令可减少使用GTK时产生的错误
sudo apt-get install libgtk-3-dev
sudo apt-get install libcanberra-gtk*
4 安装一些可以优化Opencv的包
sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev gfortran
sudo apt-install gfortran
5 安装python3 development headers
sudo apt-get install python3-dev
6 下载Opencv4源码
cd ~
wget -O opencv.zip https://github.com/opencv/opencv/archive/4.0.0.zip
wget -O opencv.zip https://github.com/opencv/opencv/archive/4.0.0.zip
7 解压上述下载文件
unzip opencv.zip
unzip opencv_contrib.zip
8 解压后重命名
mv opencv-4.0.0 opencv
mv opencv_contrib-4.0.0 opencv_contrib
9 安装pip,一般树莓派自带pip不用额外安装,若没安装,可运行下面命令安装:
wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
sudo python3 get-pip.py
10 安装虚拟环境管理工具:
pip install virtualenv virtualenvwrapper
sudo rm -rf ~/get-pip.py ~/.cache/pip
11 安装完毕后,使用nano或vim打开~/.profile,将下列语句加在文件末尾:
export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3
source /home/pi/.local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
12 保存文件后,执行以下命令:
source ~/.profile
如果没有报错就没问题
13 接下来创建虚拟环境py3cv4:
mkvirtualenv py3cv4 -p python3
workon py3cv4
14 然后安装numpy:
pip install numpy
15 构建和编译Opencv
首先在~/opencv目录下创建一个build子目录:
cd ~/opencv
mkdir build
cd build
使用Cmake来构建OpenCV4
cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -DOPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=~/opencv_contrib/modules -DENABLE_NEON=ON -DENABLE_VFPV3=ON -DBUILD_TESTS=OFF -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=/home/pi/.virtualenvs/py3cv4/bin/python3 -DOPENCV_ENABLE_NONFREE=ON -DINSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF ..
接下来开始编译:
make -j4
如果报错fatal error: boostdesc_bgm.i: No such file or directory,下载下面文件放到/home/pi/opencv_contrib/modules/xfeatures2d/src/下面
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig
最后,将OpenCV链接至创建的Python3虚拟环境中
cd ~/.virtualenvs/py3cv4/lib/python3.7/site-packages/
ln -s /home/pi/opencv/build/lib/python3/cv2.cpython-37m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so cv2.so
输入以下命令,没有出错就说明安装成功了
workon py3cv4
python3
import cv2
cv2.__version__
'4.0.0'