JPA入门实例

工程目录：

(注意：persistence.xml文件的位置决定持久性的根(Persistence Root)。持久性的根为JAR文件或者包含META-INF目录（前提是persistence.xml位于此）的目录。一般将这个persistence.xml文件放在src下的META-INF中。命名及位置都不能变)

a)、导入相关jar包和创建META-INF和persistence.xml文件.

persistence.xml配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" version="2.0">  
    <persistence-unit name="mysqlJPA" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
    <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider> 
    <class>com.jpa.entity.Person</class> 
    <class>com.jpa.entity.UserInfo</class> 
    <class>com.jpa.entity.AccountInfo</class> 
        <properties> 
            <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class"  
            value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/> 
            <property name="hibernate.connection.url"
            value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test"/> 
            <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="root"/> 
            <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value=""/> 
            <property name="hibernate.dialect"
            value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect"/> 
            <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/> 
            <property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true"/> 
            <property name="hibernate.use_sql_comments" value="false"/> 
            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/> 
        </properties> 
    </persistence-unit>  
</persistence>  

可以选择性加入spring依赖：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.0.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.jpa"/>

    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

    <jpa:repositories base-package="com.jpa.dao"  repository-impl-postfix="Impl" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"/>

    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
            <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
                <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
                <property name="generateDdl" value="false"/>
                <property name="showSql" value="true"/>
            </bean>
            </property>
    </bean>

</beans>

b）、编写实体bean，如下：

package com.jpa.entity;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;

@Entity
public class Person {
    private int id;  
    private String name;  

    @Id @GeneratedValue  
    public int getId() {  
        return id;  
    }  
    public void setId(int id) {  
        this.id = id;  
    }  
    @Column(length=12)  
    public String getName() {  
        return name;  
    }  
    public void setName(String name) {  
        this.name = name;  
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
    }  


}

c）、编写junit测试代码，如下：

package com.jpa.test;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;

import org.hibernate.sql.Update;

import com.jpa.entity.Person;
import com.jpa.service.UserServiceImpl;

public class JpaTest {


    public void createTable(){  
        //可以验证生成表是否正确  
        EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("mysqlJPA");  
        factory.close();  
    }  


   public static  void save(){  
        EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("mysqlJPA");  
        EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();  
        em.getTransaction().begin();  
        Person person = new Person(); //person为new状态  
        person.setName("zhang san");  
        em.persist(person); //持久化实体  
        em.getTransaction().commit();  
        em.close();  
        factory.close();  
    }  
    //new 、托管、脱管、删除  

    public static void update(){  
        EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("mysqlJPA");  
        EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();  
        em.getTransaction().begin();  
        Person person = em.find(Person.class, 1);  
        person.setName("hmk"); //person为托管状态  
        em.getTransaction().commit();  
        em.close();  
        factory.close();  
    }  

    public void update2(){  
        EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("mysqlJPA");  
        EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();  
        em.getTransaction().begin();  
        Person person = em.find(Person.class, 1);  
        em.clear(); //把实体管理器中的所有实体变为脱管状态  
        person.setName("hmk2");  
        em.merge(person); //把脱管状态变为托管状态,merge可以自动选择insert or update 数据  
        em.getTransaction().commit();  
        em.close();  
        factory.close();  
    }  

     public void remove(){  
        EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("mysqlJPA");  
        EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();  
        em.getTransaction().begin();  
        Person person = em.find(Person.class, 1);  
        em.remove(person); //删除实体  
        em.getTransaction().commit();  
        em.close();  
        factory.close();  
    }  

    public static void find(){  
        EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("mysqlJPA");  
        EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();  
        Person person = em.find(Person.class, 1); //类似于hibernate的get方法,没找到数据时，返回null  
        System.out.println(person);  
        em.close();  
        factory.close();  
    }  
    public static void find2(){  
        EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("mysqlJPA");  
        EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();  
        Person person = em.getReference(Person.class, 2); //类似于hibernate的load方法,延迟加载.没相应数据时会出现异常  
        System.out.println(person.getName()); //真正调用时才查找数据  
        em.close();  
        factory.close();  
    }  

    public static void main(String[] args) {
          find(); 
        //new UserServiceImpl().createNewAccount("ZhangJianPing", "123456", 1); 
    }
}