Arch安装手册（一站式汇总）

安装流程
一、准备
选择Boot Arch Linux(x86_64)

#验证启动模式
ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
#检查网络
ip link
rfkill unblock wifi    #取消禁用wifi设备
ip link set wlan0 up # 开启wlan0
iwctl  #取消wifi-menu了，如果又换回了的话直接用然后跳到dhcpcd

station wlan0 scan
station wlan0 get-networks
station wlan0 connect <network name>
station wlan0 show
exit　　# 回到命令行

dhcpcd
vim /etc/resolv.conf #编辑配置文件
        nameserver 8.8.8.8
        nameserver 114.114.114.114
ping www.baidu.com
#更新系统时间
timedatectl set-ntp true
timedatectl status
#建立硬盘分区
fdisk -l
lsblk
cfdisk /dev/sdx
#格式化分区
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdx1 #以ext4方式格式化磁盘/dev/sda的/dev/sda1分区
mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sdx2 #以vfat方式创建efi
mkswap /dev/sdx3
swapon /dev/sdx3
vim /etc/fstab
/swapfile none swap defaults 0 0
#挂载分区
mount /dev/sdx1 /mnt #挂载“/”
mkdir -p /mnt/boot/efi #建立boot文件夹
mount /dev/sdx2 /mnt/boot/efi

二、安装

#选择镜像
vim /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
Server = https://mirrors.xjtu.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
Server = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
#安装软件包
pacman -Syy
pacstrap -i /mnt base base-devel
pacstrap -i /mnt base linux linux-firmware

三、配置系统

#Fstab
genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
#Chroot
arch-chroot /mnt
pacman -S vim
#时区
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
hwclock --systohc
#本地化
vim /etc/locale.gen
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8 zh_TW.UTF-8 UTF-8
locale-gen
vim /etc/locale.conf
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
#网络
hwclock --systohc --utc
vim /etc/hostname
myhostname
vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1	localhost ::1	localhost
127.0.1.1	myhostname.localdomain
myhostname
#Initramfs
mkinitcpio -P
#Root密码
passwd
#安装引导程序
pacman -S grub-efi-x86_64
pacman -S efibootmgr
pacman -S os-prober
mkdir -p /boot/efi/EFI/boot
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=ArchLinux
###########grub-install --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=grub
cp /boot/efi/EFI/ArchLinux/grubx64.efi /boot/efi/EFI/boot/bootx64.efi
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

四、重启

pacman -S xf86-video-intel  #intel显卡驱动安装，虚拟机不需要

pacman -S xorg xorg-drivers xorg-server xorg-xinit xterm

pacman -S xfce4 xfce4-goodies
pacman -S lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter
systemctl enable lightdm

pacman -S networkmanager
pacman -S networkmanager-pptp
pacman -S network-manager-applet xfce4-notifyd
pacman -S net-tools dnsutils inetutils iproute2
pacman -S dialog wpa_supplicant netctl wireless_tools
pacman -Syy openssh
pacman -Syy dhcpcd

systemctl disable netctl
##systemctl start dhcpcd
systemctl enable dhcpcd
##systemctl restart systemd-networkd
systemctl enable systemd-networkd
##systemctl start NetworkManager
systemctl enable NetworkManager
##systemctl start sshd
systemctl enable sshd.service
exit
umount /mnt/boot/efi
umount -R /mnt
reboot

五、安装后的工作

vim /etc/pacman.conf
[archlinuxcn]
#SigLevel = Optional TrustAll
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch

pacman -Syy
pacman -S archlinuxcn-keyring

#ip link set enp4s0 up

pacman -Syy
pacman -Syyu
pacman -S sudo
vim /etc/sudoers

useradd -m -g users -G wheel -s /bin/bash quan
passwd quan

pacman -S ntp 
systemctl start ntpd.service 
systemctl enable ntpd.service

pacman -S p7zip file-roller unrar

pacman -S fcitx-googlepinyin
pacman -S fcitx-im
pacman -S fcitx-configtool
vim ~/.xprofile
export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx
export QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx
export XMODIFIERS="@im=fcitx"

pacman -S ttf-dejavu wqy-zenhei wqy-microhei
pacman -S ttf-arphic-uming ttf-arphic-ukai ttf-bitstream-vera
pacman -S adobe-source-han-sans-cn-fonts

pacman -S ntfs-3g dosfstools

pacman -S alsa-utils
vim /lib/systemd/system/alsa-state.service
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start alsa-state.service
systemctl enable alsa-state.service

pacman -S pulseaudio pavucontrol 
systemctl --user start pulseaudio
systemctl --user enable pulseaudio

pacman -S wiznote git thunderbird thunderbird-i18n-zh-cn 

pacman -S firefox firefox-i18n-zh-cn
pacman -S jetbrains-toolbox

PS：有独立显卡的话在安装显卡驱动这一块根据实际情况有所变动

软件可选清单
内核：Linux，备用Linux-lts
窗口管理器：i3wm
硬盘：MBR/BIOS（或GPT/UEFI），grub2
网页浏览器：Firefox，Lynx
多媒体播放器：mpv
多媒体处理相关：ffmpeg，ImageMagick
文本编辑器：Vim
写文档：TeXLive
图片查看器：feh
PDF文档查看：mupdf
终端模拟器：urxvt/xterm、zsh
包管理器：pacman/Yaourt
下载软件：firefox的dta，uget/aria2c，motrix，deepinwine迅雷
邮件客户端：mutt+offlineimap+getmail+procmail+msmtp
小工具：htop，vnstat，iotop，tlp
爬山：s**sR，trojan
截图工具：火焰截图（flameshot）
录屏: obs studio
办公: WPS
markdown编辑器: typora
图片编辑: kolourpaint, gimp, krita
代码管理: git
数学: geogebra
视频编辑: kdenlive
虚拟机: VBox