ubuntu18.04/20.04安装人工智能深度学习环境（显卡驱动、cuda、cudnn、pytorch）-炼丹人士必看

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_26663997/article/details/118304679

建议用ubuntu18.04lts桌面版，因为自带的python3.6，ubuntu20.04是python3.8，而很多python模块还只支持python3.7甚至3.6。

现在物理机上装好ubuntu18.04，装完后开始操作（建议xshell远程，方便复制命令）：

#设置root密码
sudo passwd root

#安装基本工具
sudo apt-get install -y ssh vim gcc unzip g++ make cmake python3-pip libzip-dev build-essential gfortran git pkg-config python-dev software-properties-common wget libprotobuf-dev libleveldb-dev libsnappy-dev libhdf5-serial-dev protobuf-compiler libopencv-dev libgflags-dev libgoogle-glog-dev liblmdb-dev libblas-dev libatlas-base-dev libopenblas-dev libgphoto2-dev libeigen3-dev libhdf5-dev python3-dev python3-pip python3-nose python3-numpy python3-scipy --no-install-recommends libboost-all-dev doxygen

#系统换源更新，这里是ubuntu18.04，如果是20.04记得自己换源
sudo rm -rf /etc/apt/sources.list && sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y && sudo apt autoremove

#换pip3源
sudo mkdir ~/.pip && sudo vim ~/.pip/pip.conf
[global]
timeout = 6000
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
[install]
trusted-host = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

#卸载自带nVidia驱动（实际上并没有自带驱动）
sudo apt purge nvidia*

#禁用nouveau驱动
sudo vim /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
blacklist nouveau
options nouveau modeset=0
sudo update-initramfs -u

#重启并从ssh进去
sudo init 6

#查看nouveau驱动是否禁用
lsmod | grep nouveau

#关闭gdm3
sudo systemctl stop gdm3

#安装cuda（含显卡驱动），我安装的最新版本，各位可访问官网来查找最新版本号
wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/11.3.1/local_installers/cuda_11.3.1_465.19.01_linux.run
sudo sh cuda_11.3.1_465.19.01_linux.run
accept
选择Install

#配置环境变量
sudo vim ~/.bashrc
export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-11.3/bin${PATH:+:${PATH}}
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda-11.3/lib64${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}}
source ~/.bashrc

#验证nVidia驱动
nvidia-smi

#验证cuda
nvcc -V

#安装cudnn,在官网下载
sudo tar zxvf cudnn-11.3-linux-x64-v8.2.1.32.tgz -C ./
sudo cp cuda/include/cudnn* /usr/local/cuda/include && sudo cp cuda/lib64/libcudnn* /usr/local/cuda/lib64/
sudo chmod a+r /usr/local/cuda/include/cudnn* /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libcudnn*
sudo dpkg -i libcudnn8_8.2.1.32-1+cuda11.3_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i libcudnn8-dev_8.2.1.32-1+cuda11.3_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i libcudnn8-samples_8.2.1.32-1+cuda11.3_amd64.deb
sudo init 6

#验证cudnn
cd /usr/local/cuda/samples/1_Utilities/deviceQuery
sudo make
./deviceQuery
出现Result = PASS成功

#安装pytorch
pip3 install torch==1.9.0+cu111 torchvision==0.10.0+cu111 torchaudio==0.9.0 -f https://download.pytorch.org/whl/torch_stable.html

#验证pytorch
python3
import torch
import torchvision
print(torch.cuda.is_available())