Ubuntu动态壁纸

1. 下载图片放到任意文件夹，如：/home/<yourname>/图片。
2. 在任意位置创建一个script.run文件，内容为(600指每600秒切换壁纸)：

   dir="/home/<yourname>/图片"
   files=`ls -u ${dir} | grep -v contest`
   last_file='empty'
   
   echo '<background>'
   echo '  <starttime>'
   echo '    <year>2019</year>'
   echo '    <month>3</month>'
   echo '    <day>5</day>'
   echo '    <hour>00</hour>'
   echo '    <minute>00</minute>'
   echo '    <second>00</second>'
   echo '  </starttime>'
   
   for current_file in $files
   do
       if [ "$last_file" = "empty" ]; then
           last_file=$current_file
           first_file=$last_file
           echo '  <static>'
           echo '    <duration>600.0</duration>'
           echo "    <file>${dir}/$last_file</file>"
           echo '  </static>'
       else
           echo '  <transition>'
           echo '    <duration>3.0</duration>'
           echo "    <from>${dir}/$last_file</from>"
           echo "    <to>${dir}/$current_file</to>"
           echo '  </transition>'
           echo '  <static>'
           echo '    <duration>600.0</duration>'
           echo "    <file>${dir}/$current_file</file>"
           echo '  </static>'
           last_file=$current_file
       fi
   done
   
   echo '  <transition>'
   echo '    <duration>3.0</duration>'
   echo "    <from>${dir}/$last_file</from>"
   echo "    <to>${dir}/$first_file</to>"
   echo '  </transition>'
   echo '</background>'

    

3. 运行脚本生成mywallpapers.xml：sh script.sh > mywallpapers.xml。
4. 把mywallpapers.xml移动到/usr/share/backgrounds/contest。
5. 向/usr/share/gnome-background-properties/xenial-wallpapers.xml添加内容:

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <!DOCTYPE wallpapers SYSTEM "gnome-wp-list.dtd">
   <wallpapers>
    <wallpaper deleted="false">
      <name>Ubuntu 16.04 Community Wallpapers</name>
      <filename>/usr/share/backgrounds/contest/xenial.xml</filename>
      <options>zoom</options>
    </wallpaper>
    <!--添加开始-->
    <wallpaper deleted="false">
       <name>My Wallpapers</name>
       <filename>/usr/share/backgrounds/contest/mywallpapers.xml</filename>
       <options>zoom</options>
    </wallpaper>
    <!--添加结束-->
   ...

    

6. 到系统设置里设置壁纸。
7. 以后使用新图片做壁纸需要重新执行<3>、<4>步。

[参考1][参考2]

---

用脚本生成mywallpapers.xml后，壁纸按照固定的顺序切换，添加新图片时还要重新生成。为了灵活，下面使用程序切换。

1. 图片路径不含中文：

   #命令行执行
   import os
   import random
   
   str1 = "export GIO_EXTRA_MODULES=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gio/modules/ && "
   str2 = "gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri "
   str3 = "/home/<yourname>/a/"
   imgs = os.listdir(str3)
   aimg = str3 + str(random.choice(imgs))[0:]
   cmda = str1 + str2 + "\"file:" + aimg +"\""
   os.system(cmda)
   
   #crontab执行
   import os
   import random
   
   pre1 = "PID=$(pgrep gnome-session) && "
   pre2 = "export DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=$(grep -z DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS /proc/$PID/environ|cut -d= -f2-) && "
   str1 = "gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri "
   str2 = "/home/<yourname>/a/"
   imgs = os.listdir(str2)
   aimg = str2 + str(random.choice(imgs))[0:]
   cmda = pre1 + pre2 +  str1 + "\"file:" + aimg +"\""
   os.system(cmda)

    

2. 图片路径含中文：

   #命令行执行
   #encoding=utf-8
   import os
   import random
   
   str1 = "export GIO_EXTRA_MODULES=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gio/modules/ && "
   str2 = "gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri "
   str3 = unicode("/home/<yourname>/图片/","utf-8")
   imgs = os.listdir(str3)
   aimg = str3 + str(random.choice(imgs))[0:]
   cmda = str1 + str2 + "\"file:" + aimg +"\""
   os.system(cmda.encode('utf-8'))
   
   #crontab执行
   #encoding=utf-8
   import os
   import random
   
   pre1 = "PID=$(pgrep gnome-session) && "
   pre2 = "export DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=$(grep -z DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS /proc/$PID/environ|cut -d= -f2-) && "
   str1 = "gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri "
   str2 = unicode("/home/<yourname>/图片/","utf-8")
   imgs = os.listdir(str2)
   aimg = str2 + str(random.choice(imgs))[0:]
   cmda = pre1 + pre2 + str1 + "\"file:" + aimg +"\""
   os.system(cmda.encode('utf-8'))

    

3. 注意只要“crontab执行”部分。假设上面创建的文件为/home/<yourname>/wallpaper.py。执行命令：crontab -e，追加：*/5 * * * * python /home/<yourname>/wallpaper.py，ctrl + X保存，Y确认，Enter关闭。执行命令crontab -l查看。其中，5指每隔5分钟换壁纸，选择填充。
4. 用于中文路径并且通知提示的python文件：

   #encoding=utf-8
   import os
   import random
   
   pre1 = "PID=$(pgrep gnome-session) && "
   pre2 = "export DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=$(grep -z DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS /proc/$PID/environ|cut -d= -f2-) && "
   str1 = "gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri "
   str2 = unicode("/home/<yourname>/图片/","utf-8")
   imgs = os.listdir(str2)
   aimg = str2 + str(random.choice(imgs))[0:]
   cmda = pre1 + pre2 + str1 + "\"file:" + aimg +"\""
   os.system(cmda.encode('utf-8'))
   
   mess = "notify-send -i /home/<yourname>/文档/caffe.png \"现在时间\" \"$(date +%m月%d日\' \'%p%I:%M)\""
   os.system(pre1+pre2+mess)

    

[参考1][crontab定时任务]