从scss入手实现响应式网格(栅格化)布局

背景:最近查看ife/2016的响应式布局任务时,有大神同学通过scss的方法进行实现,第一次接触scss,感觉受益匪浅,在此记录一下。

一、任务目的

       通过使用HTML和CSS实现类似BootStrap的响应式12栏网格布局,根据屏幕宽度,元素占的栏数不同。栅格系统中的列时通过指定1到12的值来表示其跨越的范围。(如:4+4+4=12;3+6+3=12;1+1+2+2+6=12;)如果一“行(row)”中包含了的“列(column)”大于12,多余的“列(column)”所在的元素将被作为一个整体另起一行排列。

二、使用Scss/Sass的好处

       Sass是一种动态样式语言,Sass语法属于缩排语法,比css多出一些功能(如变量/嵌套/运算/混入(Mixin)、继承、颜色处理、函数等),更容易阅读。

三、实例代码运用

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
	<meta charset="utf-8">
	<title>Baidu IFE Task_1_8</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/task_1_8.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="wrapper">
	<div class="outer col-md-4 col-sm-6">
		<div class="inner"></div>
	</div>
	<div class="outer col-md-4 col-sm-6">
		<div class="inner"></div>
	</div>
	<div class="outer col-md-4 col-sm-12">
		<div class="inner"></div>
	</div>
	<div class="outer col-md-3 col-sm-3">
		<div class="inner"></div>
	</div>
	<div class="outer col-md-6 col-sm-6">
		<div class="inner"></div>
	</div>
	<div class="outer col-md-3 col-sm-3">
		<div class="inner"></div>
	</div>
	<div class="outer col-md-1 col-sm-2">
		<div class="inner"></div>
	</div>
	<div class="outer col-md-1 col-sm-2">
		<div class="inner"></div>
	</div>
	<div class="outer col-md-2 col-sm-8">
		<div class="inner"></div>
	</div>
	<div class="outer col-md-2 col-sm-3">
		<div class="inner"></div>
	</div>
	<div class="outer col-md-6 col-sm-3">
		<div class="inner"></div>
	</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
html, body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0; }

.wrapper {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 10px; }

.wrapper:before, .wrapper:after {
  content: "";
  display: table;
  clear: both; }

.outer {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  float: left;
  padding: 10px; }

.inner {
  height: 50px;
  background-color: #eee;
  border: 1px solid #999; }

@media (min-width: 769px) {
  .col-md-1 {
    width: 8.33333%; }

  .col-md-2 {
    width: 16.66667%; }

  .col-md-3 {
    width: 25%; }

  .col-md-4 {
    width: 33.33333%; }

  .col-md-5 {
    width: 41.66667%; }

  .col-md-6 {
    width: 50%; }

  .col-md-7 {
    width: 58.33333%; }

  .col-md-8 {
    width: 66.66667%; }

  .col-md-9 {
    width: 75%; }

  .col-md-10 {
    width: 83.33333%; }

  .col-md-11 {
    width: 91.66667%; }

  .col-md-12 {
    width: 100%; } }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .col-sm-1 {
    width: 8.33333%; }

  .col-sm-2 {
    width: 16.66667%; }

  .col-sm-3 {
    width: 25%; }

  .col-sm-4 {
    width: 33.33333%; }

  .col-sm-5 {
    width: 41.66667%; }

  .col-sm-6 {
    width: 50%; }

  .col-sm-7 {
    width: 58.33333%; }

  .col-sm-8 {
    width: 66.66667%; }

  .col-sm-9 {
    width: 75%; }

  .col-sm-10 {
    width: 83.33333%; }

  .col-sm-11 {
    width: 91.66667%; }

  .col-sm-12 {
    width: 100%; } }
/*# sourceMappingURL=task_1_8.css.map */
/**task_1_8.css.map**/
{
"version": 3,
"mappings": "AA+CA,UAAS;EAvCR,MAAM,EAAC,CAAC;EACR,OAAO,EAAC,CAAC;;AAyCV,QAAQ;EACP,UAAU,EAAC,UAAU;EACrB,KAAK,EAAC,IAAI;EACV,OAAO,EAAC,IAAI;;AAEb,+BAA8B;EA1C7B,OAAO,EAAC,EAAE;EACV,OAAO,EAAC,KAAK;EACb,KAAK,EAAC,IAAI;;AA2CX,MAAM;EAjCL,UAAU,EAAC,UAAU;EACrB,KAAK,EAAE,IAAI;EACX,OAAO,EAzBC,IAAI;;AA2Db,MAAM;EA1CL,MAAM,EAlBC,IAAI;EAmBX,gBAAgB,EAjBR,IAAI;EAkBZ,MAAM,EAAC,cAAuB;;AA2C/B,yBAAwB;EA/BrB,SAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAC,QAAgB;;EADvB,SAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAC,SAAgB;;EADvB,SAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAC,GAAgB;;EADvB,SAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAC,SAAgB;;EADvB,SAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAC,SAAgB;;EADvB,SAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAC,GAAgB;;EADvB,SAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAC,SAAgB;;EADvB,SAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAC,SAAgB;;EADvB,SAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAC,GAAgB;;EADvB,UAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAC,SAAgB;;EADvB,UAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAC,SAAgB;;EADvB,UAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAC,IAAgB;AAiC1B,yBAAwB;EA5BrB,SAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAE,QAAgB;;EADxB,SAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAE,SAAgB;;EADxB,SAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAE,GAAgB;;EADxB,SAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAE,SAAgB;;EADxB,SAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAE,SAAgB;;EADxB,SAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAE,GAAgB;;EADxB,SAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAE,SAAgB;;EADxB,SAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAE,SAAgB;;EADxB,SAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAE,GAAgB;;EADxB,UAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAE,SAAgB;;EADxB,UAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAE,SAAgB;;EADxB,UAAa;IACZ,KAAK,EAAE,IAAgB",
"sources": ["../scss/task_1_8.scss"],
"names": [],
"file": "task_1_8.css"
}
/**task_1_8.scss**/
//unit style var
$height:50px;
$pdValue:10px;
$bgColor:#eee;
$bdColor:#999;
$bdWidth:1px;
//reset css style
@mixin resetCSS{
	margin:0;
	padding:0;
}
//clear float
@mixin clearFix{
	content:"";
	display:table;
	clear:both;
}
//inner style
@mixin innerStyle{
	height:$height;
	background-color:$bgColor;
	border:$bdWidth solid $bdColor;
}
//outer style
@mixin outerStyle{
	box-sizing:border-box;
	float: left;
	padding:$pdValue;
}
//generate Grid
@mixin generateGrid($scr_flag){
	@if $scr_flag{
		@for $i from 1 through 12{
			.col-md-#{$i}{
				width:(100% / 12 * $i);
			}
		}
	}@else{
		@for $i from 1 through 12{
			.col-sm-#{$i}{
				width: (100% / 12 * $i);
			}
		}
	}
}

//style part
html,body{
	@include resetCSS;
}
.wrapper{
	box-sizing:border-box;
	width:100%;
	padding:10px;
}
.wrapper:before,.wrapper:after{
	@include clearFix;
}
.outer{
	@include outerStyle;
}
.inner{
	@include innerStyle;
}
@media (min-width:769px){
	@include generateGrid(true);
}
@media (max-width:768px){
	@include generateGrid(false);
}

在游览器下的效果图如下所示:

响应式的布局方式,党在不同尺寸屏幕下,各列的布局不变,但每个格子依据屏幕大小进行了缩放。

其中,Scss代码中的generateGrid函数,代码精简,逻辑清晰,有一定的借鉴意义。

四、题外篇--只用CSS实现三栏响应式布局

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<title>三栏式结构</title>
<style>
* {
    margin: 0;
} 
.c_f:after{
    display: block;
    clear: both;
    content: "";
}
.wrapper {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    width: 100%;
    padding: 15px;
    border: 1px solid #333333;
}   
.col-md-4 {
    width: 33.33333%;
}
.outer {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    float: left;
    padding: 5px;    
}
.inner {
    height: 50px;
    background-color: #eee;
    border: 1px solid #999;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="wrapper c_f">
        <div class="outer col-md-4"><div class="inner"></div></div>
        <div class="outer col-md-4"><div class="inner"></div></div>
        <div class="outer col-md-4"><div class="inner"></div></div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

参考博客:响应式网格布局  http://ife.baidu.com/2016/review/detail?workId=291

版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,未经博主允许不得转载。

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