看机器学习实战这本书时会在第二章实现KNN时遇到numpy的tile函数,它用于复制数组。在这里记录一下以免忘记。
tile(x,y)可以输入两个参数,其中x参数为需要被复制的数组,y则为将数组复制成什么维度的数组形式,比如若想将x水平复制2次,竖直复制3次,则y为(3,2),即 tile(x,(3,2))。再比如 a = tile(x, 3),则将x数组水平复制三遍后赋值给a。
注意:a = tile(x, 3)与 a = tile(x, (1,3))其实有所不同,请注意“[]"括号的数量。
其实现如下:
#引入numpy下的所有方法
>>> from numpy import *
#初始化a
>>> a = [1,2,3]
#复制a两次,并将结果赋值给b
>>> b = tile(a,2)
>>> b
array([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3])
#复制a两次,并使a变为1*2形式的数组,将结果赋值给b
>>> b = tile(a,(1,2))
>>> b
array([[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]])
#复制a两次,并使a变为2*1形式的数组,将结果赋值给b
>>> b = tile(a,(2,1))
>>> b
array([[1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3]])
# 甚至可以将a复制为多维数组,比如(2,3,4)的三维数组,等等
>>> b = tile(a,(2,3,4))
>>> b
array([[[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]],
[[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]]])
>>> b = tile(a,(2,3,4,5))
>>> b
array([[[[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]],
[[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]],
[[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]]],
[[[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]],
[[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]],
[[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]]]])