在Ubuntu16.04上安装Python3.6.4之后,使用pip命令出现了问题,提示说找不到ssl模块,出现错误如下:
pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available. Could not fetch URL https:*******: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available. - skipping
pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available. Could not fetch URL https:*******: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available. - skipping
安装Python3.6的操作如下:
1.下载python安装包: https://www.python.org/downloads/ 2.解压安装包: tar -xvzf Python-3.6.4.tgz3. 安装python3
创建目录:sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/python3(这是系统安装python的路径)
解压:tar -zxvf Python-3.6.4.tgz
进入解压目录:cd Python-3.6.4
4. 检查安装平台属性,系统是否有编译时所需要的额外库,以及库的版本是否满足编译需要
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
5. 编译源码
make 6. 成功编译之后,安装 sudo make install
7. 建立python3的软链接
sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
8. 将/usr/local/python3/bin加入PATH中
1)打开~/.bash_profile文件:vim ~/.bash_profile
2)在文件最后添加如下代码:
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
PATH=$PATH;#HOME/bin:/usr/local/python3/bin
export PATH
3)修改完执行以下命令,让上一步的修改生效:source ~/.bash_profile
9. 检查Python3及pip3是否正常可用
python3 -V pip3 -V
1.下载python安装包: https://www.python.org/downloads/ 2.解压安装包: tar -xvzf Python-3.6.4.tgz3. 安装python3
创建目录:sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/python3(这是系统安装python的路径)
解压:tar -zxvf Python-3.6.4.tgz
进入解压目录:cd Python-3.6.4
4. 检查安装平台属性,系统是否有编译时所需要的额外库,以及库的版本是否满足编译需要
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
5. 编译源码
make 6. 成功编译之后,安装 sudo make install
7. 建立python3的软链接
sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
8. 将/usr/local/python3/bin加入PATH中
1)打开~/.bash_profile文件:vim ~/.bash_profile
2)在文件最后添加如下代码:
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
PATH=$PATH;#HOME/bin:/usr/local/python3/bin
export PATH
3)修改完执行以下命令,让上一步的修改生效:source ~/.bash_profile
9. 检查Python3及pip3是否正常可用
python3 -V pip3 -V
在安装完之后,我们希望用pip3命令来安装numpy。首先,用如下命令安装pip3:
sudo install python3-pip
sudo install python3-pip
安装完之后,使用pip3安装numpy:
sudo pip install python-numpy
sudo pip install python-numpy
但是此时就出错了,显示本文开始提到的错误,大致意思就是安装过程需要SSL,但是那个SSL找不到。
本人查阅网上资料,发现openSSL是系统自带的,所以一定是安装了的,本人用以下命令尝试再次安装openssl:
sudo apt-get install openssl sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
sudo apt-get install openssl sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
但是安装结果显示是对其进行更新(update),这说明系统已经安装了openssl。但是pip3就是找不到ssl模块。
本人进入python3中,然后进行ssl导入操作:
import ssl
import ssl
结果出错,错误如下:
no moudle named _ssl
no moudle named _ssl
显示没有ssl模块。本人再进入python中(即系统自带的python2.7中),进行ssl导入操作:
import ssl
import ssl
发现并没有显示错误,导入正常。这说明openssl已经安装了,只是python2可以调用,新安装的python3却不能调用。
本人查阅资料发现,在./configure过程中,如果没有加上–with-ssl参数时,默认安装的软件涉及到ssl的功能不可用,刚好pip3过程需要ssl模块,而由于没有指定,所以该功能不可用。
解决办法是重新对python3.6进行编译安装,用一下过程来实现编译安装:
cd Python-3.6.4 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --with-ssl make sudo make installsudo mv /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3_baksudo ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
cd Python-3.6.4 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --with-ssl make sudo make install
sudo mv /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3_bak
sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
这样就允许安装的python3使用ssl功能模块,进入python3中,执行import ssl发现未出错,正常再次调用pip3指令来安装numpy,发现正常,问题解决!