55. Jump Game
Given an array of non-negative integers, you are initially positioned at the first index of the array.
Each element in the array represents your maximum jump length at that position.
Determine if you are able to reach the last index.
Example 1:
Input: [2,3,1,1,4] Output: true Explanation: Jump 1 step from index 0 to 1, then 3 steps to the last index.
Example 2:
Input: [3,2,1,0,4] Output: false Explanation: You will always arrive at index 3 no matter what. Its maximum jump length is 0, which makes it impossible to reach the last index.
跳跃游戏
给定一个非负整数数组，你最初位于数组的第一个位置。
数组中的每个元素代表你在该位置可以跳跃的最大长度。
判断你是否能够到达最后一个位置。
思路：贪心算法。用f来表示当前能到达的最大index, 初始化far = nums[0]. 遍历nums, 更新f。如果走到i 点发现 i > f, 表现i 点无法到达, 返回False, 遍历完成之后检查f >= len(nums) -1
class Solution(object):
def canJump(self, nums):
"""
:type nums: List[int]
:rtype: bool
"""
f=nums[0]
for i in range(len(nums)):
if i>f:
return False
f=max(f,i+nums[i])
return f>=len(nums)-145. Jump Game II
Given an array of non-negative integers, you are initially positioned at the first index of the array.
Each element in the array represents your maximum jump length at that position.
Your goal is to reach the last index in the minimum number of jumps.
Example:
Input: [2,3,1,1,4]
Output: 2
Explanation: The minimum number of jumps to reach the last index is 2.
Jump 1 step from index 0 to 1, then 3 steps to the last index.
给定一个非负整数数组，你最初位于数组的第一个位置。
数组中的每个元素代表你在该位置可以跳跃的最大长度。
你的目标是使用最少的跳跃次数到达数组的最后一个位置。
思路：贪心算法。次贪心的找在自己当前能到达的几个位置里面，跳到哪个位置的时候，在下一步能跳的最远。然后，我们当前步就跳到这个位置上去，所以我们在这一步的跳跃时，给下一步留下了最好的结果。所以，使用一个cur表示当前步能到达的最远位置，使用pre表示上一次能到达的最远位置。所以，我们应该遍历在上一步的覆盖范围内，当前能跳的最远位置来更新cur。一个节省计算资源的方式是，保存以前已经检查了的位置为Pos，这样每次检查的范围是pos~pre。
class Solution(object):
def jump(self, nums):
"""
:type nums: List[int]
:rtype: int
"""
cur=0
count=0
pos=0
while cur<len(nums)-1:
count+=1
pre=cur
while pos<=pre:
cur=max(cur,pos+nums[pos])
pos+=1
return count134. Gas Station
There are N gas stations along a circular route, where the amount of gas at station i is gas[i].
You have a car with an unlimited gas tank and it costs cost[i] of gas to travel from station i to its next station (i+1). You begin the journey with an empty tank at one of the gas stations.
Return the starting gas station's index if you can travel around the circuit once in the clockwise direction, otherwise return -1.
Note:
- If there exists a solution, it is guaranteed to be unique.
- Both input arrays are non-empty and have the same length.
- Each element in the input arrays is a non-negative integer.
Example 1:
Input: gas = [1,2,3,4,5] cost = [3,4,5,1,2] Output: 3 Explanation: Start at station 3 (index 3) and fill up with 4 unit of gas. Your tank = 0 + 4 = 4 Travel to station 4. Your tank = 4 - 1 + 5 = 8 Travel to station 0. Your tank = 8 - 2 + 1 = 7 Travel to station 1. Your tank = 7 - 3 + 2 = 6 Travel to station 2. Your tank = 6 - 4 + 3 = 5 Travel to station 3. The cost is 5. Your gas is just enough to travel back to station 3. Therefore, return 3 as the starting index.
Example 2:
Input: gas = [2,3,4] cost = [3,4,3] Output: -1 Explanation: You can't start at station 0 or 1, as there is not enough gas to travel to the next station. Let's start at station 2 and fill up with 4 unit of gas. Your tank = 0 + 4 = 4 Travel to station 0. Your tank = 4 - 3 + 2 = 3 Travel to station 1. Your tank = 3 - 3 + 3 = 3 You cannot travel back to station 2, as it requires 4 unit of gas but you only have 3. Therefore, you can't travel around the circuit once no matter where you start.
加油站
在一条环路上有 N 个加油站，其中第 i 个加油站有汽油 gas[i] 升。
你有一辆油箱容量无限的的汽车，从第 i 个加油站开往第 i+1 个加油站需要消耗汽油 cost[i] 升。你从其中的一个加油站出发，开始时油箱为空。
如果你可以绕环路行驶一周，则返回出发时加油站的编号，否则返回 -1。
说明:
如果题目有解，该答案即为唯一答案。
输入数组均为非空数组，且长度相同。
输入数组中的元素均为非负数。
思路：如果sum(gas)<sum(cost)的话，那么一定无解。diff是走完一站邮箱剩下的油，如果加上gas[i]也到不了下一站，那么继续将下一站设置为起点，然后再检查
class Solution(object):
def canCompleteCircuit(self, gas, cost):
"""
:type gas: List[int]
:type cost: List[int]
:rtype: int
"""
if sum(gas)<sum(cost):
return -1
diff=0
stationindex=0
for i in range(len(gas)):
if gas[i]+diff<cost[i]:
stationindex=i+1
diff=0
else:
diff+=gas[i]-cost[i]
return stationindex135. Candy
There are N children standing in a line. Each child is assigned a rating value.
You are giving candies to these children subjected to the following requirements:
- Each child must have at least one candy.
- Children with a higher rating get more candies than their neighbors.
What is the minimum candies you must give?
Example 1:
Input: [1,0,2] Output: 5 Explanation: You can allocate to the first, second and third child with 2, 1, 2 candies respectively.
Example 2:
Input: [1,2,2]
Output: 4
Explanation: You can allocate to the first, second and third child with 1, 2, 1 candies respectively.
The third child gets 1 candy because it satisfies the above two conditions.
老师想给孩子们分发糖果，有 N 个孩子站成了一条直线，老师会根据每个孩子的表现，预先给他们评分。
你需要按照以下要求，帮助老师给这些孩子分发糖果：
每个孩子至少分配到 1 个糖果。
相邻的孩子中，评分高的孩子必须获得更多的糖果。
那么这样下来，老师至少需要准备多少颗糖果呢？
思路：贪心法。 先从前面开始升序遍历，所有升序的就从1开始给，再从后面开始升序遍历，所有升序的就从1开始给，遇到所有需要改变值的节点，对比想要改成的值与之前的值，取最大的保证其对两边都是最大。在数组一开始就为降序时，如下例，他的第1和第2个孩子会先分到同样的1个。要从后面开始扫描，将降序的较高孩子分得更多的糖果。
class Solution(object):
def candy(self, ratings):
"""
:type ratings: List[int]
:rtype: int
"""
n=len(ratings)
res=[1 for _ in range(n)]
for i in range(1,n):
if ratings[i-1]<ratings[i]:
res[i]=res[i-1]+1
for j in range(n-2,-1,-1):
if ratings[j]>ratings[j+1]:
res[j]=max(res[j],res[j+1]+1)
return sum(res)376. Wiggle Subsequence
A sequence of numbers is called a wiggle sequence if the differences between successive numbers strictly alternate between positive and negative. The first difference (if one exists) may be either positive or negative. A sequence with fewer than two elements is trivially a wiggle sequence.
For example, [1,7,4,9,2,5] is a wiggle sequence because the differences (6,-3,5,-7,3) are alternately positive and negative. In contrast, [1,4,7,2,5] and [1,7,4,5,5] are not wiggle sequences, the first because its first two differences are positive and the second because its last difference is zero.
Given a sequence of integers, return the length of the longest subsequence that is a wiggle sequence. A subsequence is obtained by deleting some number of elements (eventually, also zero) from the original sequence, leaving the remaining elements in their original order.
Example 1:
Input: [1,7,4,9,2,5] Output: 6 Explanation: The entire sequence is a wiggle sequence.
Example 2:
Input: [1,17,5,10,13,15,10,5,16,8] Output: 7 Explanation: There are several subsequences that achieve this length. One is [1,17,10,13,10,16,8].
Example 3:
Input: [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] Output: 2
摆动序列
如果连续数字之间的差严格地在正数和负数之间交替，则数字序列称为摆动序列。第一个差（如果存在的话）可能是正数或负数。少于两个元素的序列也是摆动序列。
例如， [1,7,4,9,2,5] 是一个摆动序列，因为差值 (6,-3,5,-7,3) 是正负交替出现的。相反, [1,4,7,2,5] 和 [1,7,4,5,5] 不是摆动序列，第一个序列是因为它的前两个差值都是正数，第二个序列是因为它的最后一个差值为零。
给定一个整数序列，返回作为摆动序列的最长子序列的长度。 通过从原始序列中删除一些（也可以不删除）元素来获得子序列，剩下的元素保持其原始顺序。
class Solution(object):
def wiggleMaxLength(self, nums):
"""
:type nums: List[int]
:rtype: int
"""
if not nums:
return 0
length=1
up=None
for i in range(1,len(nums)):
if nums[i]>nums[i-1] and up!=True:
length+=1
up=True
if nums[i]<nums[i-1] and up!=False:
length+=1
up=False
return length
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