LeetCode---Sum Root to Leaf Numbers、Binary Tree Preorder Traversal、Binary Tree Postorder Traversal

129. Sum Root to Leaf Numbers

Given a binary tree containing digits from 0-9 only, each root-to-leaf path could represent a number.

An example is the root-to-leaf path 1->2->3 which represents the number 123.

Find the total sum of all root-to-leaf numbers.

Note: A leaf is a node with no children.

 

给定一个二叉树，它的每个结点都存放一个 0-9 的数字，每条从根到叶子节点的路径都代表一个数字。

例如，从根到叶子节点路径 1->2->3 代表数字 123。

计算从根到叶子节点生成的所有数字之和。

说明: 叶子节点是指没有子节点的节点。

示例 1:

思路：可以使用一个preSum变量来记录从根节点到节点父亲的路径，比如当我们递归的4时，preSum=12，递归到6时，preSum=13，这样就可以了。

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode(object):
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.left = None
#         self.right = None

class Solution(object):
    def sumNumbers(self, root):
        """
        :type root: TreeNode
        :rtype: int
        """
        def sum(root,presum):
            if root is None:
                return 0
            presum=presum*10+root.val
            if root.left is None and root.right is None:
                return presum
            return sum(root.left,presum)+sum(root.right,presum)
        return sum(root,0)

144. Binary Tree Preorder Traversal

Given a binary tree, return the preorder traversal of its nodes' values.

Example:

Input: [1,null,2,3]
   1
    \
     2
    /
   3

Output: [1,2,3]

 二叉树的前序遍历

思路：用非递归的方法解决，二叉树的三种dfs中，前序遍历的非递归形式最好写。因为前序遍历是先遍历左子树再遍历右子树，所以先把右子树入栈，再把左子树入栈

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode(object):
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.left = None
#         self.right = None

class Solution(object):
    def preorderTraversal(self, root):
        """
        :type root: TreeNode
        :rtype: List[int]
        """
        if root is None:
            return []
        res=[]
        stack=[root]
        while stack:
            node=stack.pop()
            res.append(node.val)
            if node.right:
                stack.append(node.right)
            if node.left:
                stack.append(node.left)
        return res

145. Binary Tree Postorder Traversal

Given a binary tree, return the postorder traversal of its nodes' values.

Example:

Input: [1,null,2,3]
   1
    \
     2
    /
   3

Output: [3,2,1]

 二叉树的后序遍历

思路：类似前序遍历，再逆序。

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode(object):
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.left = None
#         self.right = None

class Solution(object):
    def postorderTraversal(self, root):
        """
        :type root: TreeNode
        :rtype: List[int]
        """
        if root is None:
            return []
        res=[]
        stack=[root]
        while stack:
            node=stack.pop()
            res.append(node.val)
            if node.left:
                stack.append(node.left)
            if node.right:
                stack.append(node.right)
        return res[::-1]

199. Binary Tree Right Side View

Given a binary tree, imagine yourself standing on the right side of it, return the values of the nodes you can see ordered from top to bottom.

Example:

Input: [1,2,3,null,5,null,4]
Output: [1, 3, 4]
Explanation:

   1            <---
 /   \
2     3         <---
 \     \
  5     4       <---

二叉树的右视图

思路：把层序遍历每行的最后一个取出来

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode(object):
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.left = None
#         self.right = None

class Solution(object):
    def rightSideView(self, root):
        """
        :type root: TreeNode
        :rtype: List[int]
        """
        res=[]
        if root is None:
            return res
        q=[root]
        while len(q)!=0:
            res.append([node.val for node in q])
            new_q=[]
            for node in q:
                if node.left:
                    new_q.append(node.left)
                if node.right:
                    new_q.append(node.right)
            q=new_q
        r=[]
        for i in range(len(res)):
            r.append(res[i][-1])
        return r