SpringBoot使用多线程执行异步任务

在SpringBoot主程序中配置异步任务支持

配置@EnableAsync

/**
 * 主程序
 * @author FoneyXu 
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableTransactionManagement
@EnableAsync	//开启对异步任务的支持
public class WeMapApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    	SpringApplication.run(WeMapApplication.class, args);
        System.out.println("程序启动成功");
    }
    
}

配置线程池

实现AsyncConfigurer接口

/**
 * 线程池配置
 * @author FoneyXu 
 **/
@Configuration
public class ThreadPoolConfig implements AsyncConfigurer {
	
	/**
	 * 
	 * @Description: 获得线程池
	 * @author FoneyXu 
	 */
	@Override
	public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
		// 线程池
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        // 线程数
        taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(50);
        // 最大线程数
        taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(200);
        // 线程队列最大线程数
        taskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(1000);
        // 初始化线程池
        taskExecutor.initialize();
		return AsyncConfigurer.super.getAsyncExecutor();
	}

	/**
	 * 
	 * @Description: 处理异步线程中发生的异常
	 * @author FoneyXu 
	 */
	@Override
	public AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler() {
		System.out.println("线程异常");
		return AsyncConfigurer.super.getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler();
	}
}

定义异步任务

异步方法必须使用@Async进行注解

@Component
public class MyTask {
	
	Random random = new Random();

	@Async
    public ListenableFuture<String> task1() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 执行异步任务一");
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(10000));
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("完成任务一，耗时：" + (end - start) + "毫秒");
        return new AsyncResult<>("任务一完成");
    }
    @Async
    public ListenableFuture<String> task2() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 执行异步任务二");
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(10000));
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("完成任务二，耗时：" + (end - start) + "毫秒");
        return new AsyncResult<>("任务二完成");
    }
    @Async
    public ListenableFuture<String> task3() throws Exception {
       System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 执行异步任务三");
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(10000));
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("完成任务三，耗时：" + (end - start) + "毫秒");
        return new AsyncResult<>("任务三完成");
    }
    
}

测试

在Controller中调用异步任务，使用ListenableFuture的addCallback回调函数监听异步任务的执行情况，onSuccess表示任务执行成功，onFailure表示任务执行失败。

@Controller
public class AsyncController
	@Autowired
    private MyTask task;
    
    @GetMapping("async")
    @ResponseBody
    public String testAsync() throws Exception{
    	System.out.println("当前线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
    	long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    	System.out.println("任务开始：" + start);
    	//循环五次，分别调用任务一、二、三
    	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    		ListenableFuture<String> task1 = task.task1();
        	ListenableFuture<String> task2 = task.task2();
        	ListenableFuture<String> task3 = task.task3();
        	task1.addCallback(new SuccessCallback<String>() {
                @Override
                public void onSuccess(String result) {
                    System.out.println("返回的结果是：" + result);
                }
            }, new FailureCallback() {
    			
    			@Override
    			public void onFailure(Throwable ex) {
    				System.out.println("发生了异常：" + ex.getMessage());
    			}
            });
        	task2.addCallback(new SuccessCallback<String>() {
                @Override
                public void onSuccess(String result) {
                    System.out.println("返回的结果是：" + result);
                }
            }, new FailureCallback() {
    			@Override
    			public void onFailure(Throwable ex) {
    				System.out.println("发生了异常：" + ex.getMessage());
    			}
            });
        	task3.addCallback(new SuccessCallback<String>() {
                @Override
                public void onSuccess(String result) {
                    System.out.println("返回的结果是：" + result);
                }
            }, new FailureCallback() {
    			@Override
    			public void onFailure(Throwable ex) {
    				System.out.println("发生了异常：" + ex.getMessage());
    			}
            });
		}
        return "成功" + System.currentTimeMillis();
    }
}

测试效果

PS：在测试过程中，发现一个小情况，在MyTask中再定义一个异步任务allTask,allTask的作用是调用taskOne、taskTwo和taskThree,然后在Controller中直接调用allTask时，异步任务执行未成功。

	@Async
    public void allTask() throws Exception {
    	task1();
    	task2();
    	task3();
    }