python测试开发django-rest-framework-90.反序列化(ModelSerializer)之唯一字段校验UniqueValidator...-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_27371025/article/details/133111028

前言

接着前面ModelSerializer 反序列化的时候，写入到数据库时，有些字段是唯一的，不能重复写到数据库，如商品code，具有唯一性。

UniqueValidator

UniqueValidator 是校验参数的唯一性，可以传一个queryset对象，也可以自定义message内容，以下是部分源码内容

class UniqueValidator:
    """
    Validator that corresponds to `unique=True` on a model field.

    Should be applied to an individual field on the serializer.
    """
    message = _('This field must be unique.')

    def __init__(self, queryset, message=None, lookup='exact'):
        self.queryset = queryset
        self.serializer_field = None
        self.message = message or self.message
        self.lookup = lookup

校验唯一性

在 Model 模型里面设计了 goods_code 字段是unique=True,在数据库里面具有唯一性

goods_code = models.CharField(max_length=30,
                                  unique=True,
                                  verbose_name="商品代号")

如果我们保存重复的，会直接返回500 Internal Server Error

HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error
Date: Fri, 29 Jan 2021 09:32:34 GMT
Server: WSGIServer/0.2 CPython/3.6.6
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
Content-Length: 19853
Vary: Cookie

IntegrityError at /api/v1/goods/
(1062, "Duplicate entry 'sp100104' for key 'goods_code'")

这说明goods_code 不能重复存到数据库，于是在反序列化的时候，需校验goods_code 的唯一性

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Goods
from rest_framework import validators
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class GoodsSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """序列化商品models"""
    create_time = serializers.DateTimeField(format='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', required=False)
    update_time = serializers.DateTimeField(format='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', required=False)

    # 必传字段 UniqueValidator校验唯一性
    goods_code = serializers.CharField(required=True,
                                       max_length=15,
                                       min_length=8,
                                       validators=[validators.UniqueValidator(queryset=Goods.objects.all())]
                                       )
    goods_stock = serializers.IntegerField(required=True,
                                           min_value=1,
                                           max_value=10000)
    # 忽略字段，设置read_only=True
    goods_status = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True)
    # 设置write_only=True
    price = serializers.FloatField(write_only=True)

    class Meta:
        model = Goods
        # fields = '__all__'  # 返回全部的字段
        # exclude是不包含某些字段
        exclude = ["goods_groupid"]

重复添加，会提示该字段必须唯一。

也可以加 message 参数自定义校验返回的内容

goods_code = serializers.CharField(required=True,
                                       max_length=15,
                                       min_length=8,
                                       validators=[validators.UniqueValidator(queryset=Goods.objects.all(), 
                                                                              message="goods_code 已存在")]
                                       )