. repeat last change(x dd >G AxxxEsc | moving around in insert mode reset the change)
----------------------------------------------
var foo = 1
var bar = 'a'
var foobar = foo + bar
two for the price of one(all switch from normal to insert mode - help to construct dot formula)
C c$
s cl
S ^C
I ^i
A $a
o A<CR>
O ko
----------------------------------------------
var foo = "method("+argument1+","+argument2+")";
----------------------------------------------
repeatable actions and how to reverse them
Ident Act Repeat Reverse
Make a change {edit} . u
Scan line for next character f{char}/t{char} ; ,
Scan line for previous character F{char}/T{char} ; ,
Scan document for next match /pattern<CR> n N
Scan document for previous match ?pattern<CR> n N
Perform substitution :s/target/replacement & u
Execute a sequence of changes qx{changes}q @x u
Repeat any Ex command any command @: u
----------------------------------------------
...We're waiting for content before the site can go live...
...If you are content with this, let's go ahead with it...
...We'll launch as soon as we have the content...
----------------------------------------------
Dot Formula = One keystroke to Move + One keystroke To Execute
2. Normal Mode
Vim's Normal Mode analogy to painting
----------------------------------------------
change : commands trigged from Normal, Visual, and Command-line modes, any text entered or deleted in Insert mode
moving around in insert mode resets the change
. repeat the most recent change
u reverts the most recent change
we can make the undo command operate on words, sentences, or paragraphs just by moderating our use of the <Esc> key
each pause leave and reenter Insert mode
----------------------------------------------
The end is nigh
----------------------------------------------
[count]<C-a> add [count] to the number at or after the cursor(default one)
[count]<C-x> subtract [count] to the number at or after the cursor(default one)
.blog, .news { background-image: url(/sprite.png); }
.blog { background-position: 0px 0px }
Vim interprets numerals with a leading zero to be in octal notation rather than in decimal.
set nrformats= (This will cause Vim to treat all numerals as decimal)
----------------------------------------------
Delete more than one word
I have a couple of questions.
----------------------------------------------
Operator-pending Mode : activated when we invoke an operator command, and then stopped until provided a motion
operator commands(when an operator command is invoked in duplicate, it acts upon the current line)
c Change
d Delete
y Yank into register
g~ Swap case
gu Make lowercase
gU Make uppercase
> Shift right
< Shift left
= Autoindent
! Filter {motion} lines through an external program
custom operator
gc comment/uncomment (vim-commentary plug)
custom motion
ae/ie entire file (vim-textobj-user vim-textobj-entire plug)
dw 不删前字符,删后空格,停下单词首字符
daw 删前字符,删后空格,停下单词首字符
光标在行尾单词时,删前空格,停上单词结尾
diw 删前字符,不删后空格,停下单词后空格
cw 不删除光标前字符,不删除单词之后空格,停留到单词后空格
caw 同daw
ciw 同diw
yw 同dw
yaw 同daw
yiw 同diw
p单词:在当前字符后 粘贴
p行:在粘贴到下一行
3. Insert Mode
insert mode chords(also work in vim's command line and external bash shell)
<C-h> Delete back one character (backspace)
<C-w> Delete back one word
<C-u> Delete back to start of line
----------------------------------------------
Insert Normal Mode(insert's submode) : fire off a single normal mode command then return insert mode
get back to normal mode
<Esc> Switch to Normal mode
<C-[> Switch to Normal mode
<C-o> Switch to Insert Normal mode
----------------------------------------------
Practical Vim, by Drew Neil
Read Drew Neil's
vim's registers
"" unamed register
"a-z named register
"0 yank register
"_ black hole register
"+ system clipboard register
"* selection register
"= expression register
:reg "{reg} inspect register's content
paste from a register in insert mode
<C-r> {reg} paste reg's content
<C-r><C-p> {reg} paste reg's content literally (ignore textwidth autoindent which lead to unwanted line breaks or extra indentation)
----------------------------------------------
evaluate expressions in insert mode
<C-r>={vim script}<CR>
----------------------------------------------
ga : look up character's numeric code at current cursor position
insert unsual characters by its numeric code
<C-v>{123} Insert character by decimal code
<C-v>u{1234} Insert character by hexadecimal code
<C-v>{nondigit} Insert nondigit literally
<C-k>{char1}{char2} Insert character represented by {char1}{char2} digraph
----------------------------------------------
Typing in Insert mode extends the line. But in Replace mode the line length doesn't change.
Replace Mode(identical to Insert Mode except it overwrites existing text)
R engage Replace Mode
r engage Replace Mode for single character
<Esc> return to Normal Mode
<Insert> toggle between Insert and Replace modes
Virtual Replace Mode(treats the tab character as though it consisted of spaces)
gR engage Virtual Replace Mode
gr engage Virtual Replace Mode for single character
4. Visual Mode
Action = Selection + operator command
Select Mode(use c instead) : type any character will replace selection and switch to Insert Mode
<C-g> toggle between Select Mode and Visual mode
----------------------------------------------
enabling Visual Mode
v Enable character-wise Visual mode
V Enable line-wise Visual mode
<C-v> Enable block-wise Visual mode
gv Reselect the last visual selection
switching between Visual Modes
v / V / <C-v> toggle between Normal mode and character-, line- or block-wise Visual mode, respectively
<Esc> / <C-[> Switch to Normal mode
o Go to other end of highlighted text
----------------------------------------------
def fib(n):
a, b = 0, 1
while a < n:
print a,
a, b = b, a+b
fib(42)
Tabs and Spaces
http://vimcasts.org/transcripts/2/en/
set ts=8 sts=0 sw=8 noexpandtab " default settings
insert: <Tab> insert a tab char with width of 8 <BS> delete a tab char with width of 8
normal: > prepend a tab char with width of 8 < delete a tab char with width of 8
set ts=8 sts=0 sw=8 expandtab
insert: <Tab> insert 8 space chars <BS> delete single one space
normal: > prepend 8 space chars < delete 8 space chars
set ts=8 sts=8 sw=8 expandtab
same above except : insert <BS> delete 8 space chars
set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 expandtab
insert: <Tab> insert 4 space chars <BS> delete 4 space chars
normal: > prepend 4 space chars < delete 4 space chars
any tab already existed it's width is 8
set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noexpandtab
same above except : insert 2<Tab> become one true tab char <BS> one true tab char becomes 4 space chars
normal same as insert
set ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 noexpandtab
insert: <Tab> insert a tab char with width of 4 <BS> delete a tab char with width of 4
normal: > prepend a tab char with width of 4 < delete a tab char with width of 4
any tab already existed shink it's width to 4
----------------------------------------------
<a href="#">one</a>
<a href="#">two</a>
<a href="#">three</a>
----------------------------------------------
Chapter Page
Normal mode 15
Insert mode 31
Visual mode 44
----------------------------------------------
li.one a{ background-image: url('/images/sprite.png'); }
li.two a{ background-image: url('/images/sprite.png'); }
li.three a{ background-image: url('/images/sprite.png'); }
----------------------------------------------
var foo = 1
var bar = 'a'
var foobar = foo + bar
I and A follows similar conventions in Visual-Block and Normal mode, but i and a not which are first half of a text object.
5. Command-Line Mode
ZZ :wq
ZQ :q!
:version 查看vim版本信息 和 .vimrc文件路径
:echo $VIM 查看环境变量
----------------------------------------------
Command-Line Mode
: enable Command-Line Mode
/ search prompt
<C-r>= access the expression register
<CR> execute the command
<Esc> switch back to Normal Mode
Ex Commands That Operate on the Text in a Buffer
:[range]print echoes specified lines
:[range]delete [x] Delete specified lines [into register x]
:[range]yank [x] Yank specified lines [into register x]
:[line]put [x] Put the text from register x after the specified line
:[range]t(copy) {address} Copy the specified lines to below the line specified by {address}
:[range]move {address} Move the specified lines to below the line specified by {address}
:[range]join Join the specified lines
:[range]normal {commands} Execute Normal mode {commands} on each specified line
:[range]substitute/{pattern}/{string}/[flags] Replace occurrences of {pattern} with {string} on each specified line
:[range]global/{pattern}/[cmd] Execute the Ex command [cmd] on all specified lines where the {pattern} matches
:[range]vglobal/{pattern}/[cmd] Execute the Ex command [cmd] on all specified lines where the {pattern} doesn't matches
----------------------------------------------
<!DOCTYPE html><!-- -->
<head><title>Practical Vim</title></head><!-- -->
<body><h1>Practical Vim</h1></body>
</html><!-- -->
<body><h1>Practical Vim</h1></body><!-- -->
symbols that can be used to create address and ranges for Ex commands
1 First line of the file(line nubmers)
$ Last line of the file
0 Virtual line above first line of the file
. current Line where the cursor is placed
'm Line containing mark m'm
'< first line of visual selection
'> last line of visual selection
% The entire file (shorthand for :1,$)
:/<html>/+1,<\/html>/-1p pattern that uses offset
----------------------------------------------
Shopping list
Hardware Store
Buy new hammer
Beauty Parlor
Buy nail polish remover
Buy nails
:t command in action
:6t. Copy line 6 to just below the current line
:t6 Copy the current line to just below line 6
:t. Duplicate the current line (similar to Normal mode yyp)
:t$ Copy the current line to the end of the file
:'<,'>t0 Copy the visually selected lines to the start of the file
----------------------------------------------
var foo = 1
var bar = 'a'
var baz = 'z'
var foobar = foo + bar
var foobarbaz = foo + bar + baz
----------------------------------------------
repeat last Ex command
@:
@@
go back to previous record in the jump list
<C-o>
----------------------------------------------
Tab-Complete Ex commands
<Tab> scroll through all possible commands
<S-Tab> scroll backward all possible commands
<C-d> reveal a list of possible completions
----------------------------------------------
var tally;
for (tally=1; tally <= 10; tally++) {
// do something with tally
};
insert the current word at the command prompt
<C-r><C-w> copies the word under the cursor and inserts it at the command-line prompt
<C-r><C-a> copies the WORD under the cursor and inserts it at the command-line prompt
----------------------------------------------
recall commands from history
<Up> go further back through Ex command/search history
<Down> go in the opposite direction
:write
:!ruby %
summon/close command-line window
q: Open the command-line window with history of Ex commands
q/ Open the command-line window with history of searches
:q close the command-line window(line any other window)
ctrl-f Switch from Command-Line mode to the command-line window
----------------------------------------------
first name,last name,email
john,smith,john@example.com
drew,neil,drew@vimcasts.org
jane,doe,jane@example.com
calling external commands
:!{cmd} firing one-off command in shell
:shell start a interactive shell session (exit kills the shell and return to vim)
:read !{cmd} Execute {cmd} in the shell and insert its standard output below the cursor
:[range]write !{cmd} Execute {cmd} in the shell with [range] lines as standard input(default is whole buffer)
:[range]!{filter}
The lines specified by [range] are passed as standard input for the {cmd}, and then the output from {cmd} overwrites the original contents of [range].
The !{motion} operator command drops us into Command-Line mode and prepopulates the [range] with the lines covered by the specified {motion}.
putting vim in the background
<Ctrl-z> suspend vim process
jbos inspect the list of jobs
fg resume a suspended job
----------------------------------------------
<ol>
<li>
<a href="/episodes/show-invisibles/">
Show invisibles
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/episodes/tabs-and-spaces/">
Tabs and Spaces
</a>
</li>
</ol>
:source {filename} execute each line of {filename} as Ex commands
:argdo ExCommand execute Ex command for each of the files in the argument list(launching vim with with a wildcard will populate the argument list)
6. Manage Multiple Files
buffer management
:ls list all buffers
:bnext switch to the next buffer
:bprevious switch to the previous buffer
:bfirst switch to the first buffer
:blast switch to the last buffer
:b {bufferNumber or bufferName} switch to designated buffer
:bufdo execute an Ex command in all buffers
:bdelete delete disigned buffers
symbols in ls command
% indicates which of the buffers is visible in the current window
# represents the alternate file(pressing <C-^> to toggle between current file and alternate file)
+ indicates that the buffer has been modified
a active
h hidden
https://github.com/tpope/vim-unimpaired
----------------------------------------------
arg management
:args {arglist} show argument list if arglist ommited or set the content of the argument list(arglist can include filenames,wildcard,output from a shell command)
:next switch to the next arg
:previous switch to the previous arg
:first switch to the first arg
:last switch to the last arg
:argdo execute an Ex command in all args
----------------------------------------------
:w[rite] Write the contents of the buffer to disk
:e[dit]! Read the file from disk back into the buffer (that is, revert changes)
:qa[ll]! Close all windows, discarding changes without warning
:wa[ll] Write all modified buffers to disk(or use :first :wn to eyeball each file)
:set hidden use :next,:bnext,:cnext commands without a trailing bang
----------------------------------------------
dividing workspace into split windows
<C-w>s Split the current window horizontally, reusing the current buffer in the new window
<C-w>v Split the current window vertically, reusing the current buffer in the new window
:sp[lit] {file} Split the current window horizontally, loading {file} into the new window
:vsp[lit] {file} Split the current window vertically, loading {file} into the new window
change the focus between windows
<C-w>w Cycle between open windows
<C-w>h Focus the window to the left
<C-w>j Focus the window below
<C-w>k Focus the window above
<C-w>l Focus the window to the right
close window
:clo[se] <C-w>c Close the active window
:on[ly] <C-w>o Keep only the active window, closing all others
resize window
<C-w>= Equalize width and height of all windows
<C-w>_ Maximize height of the active window
<C-w>| Maximize width of the active window
[N]<C-w>_ Set active window height to [N] rows
[N]<C-w>| Set active window width to [N] columns
----------------------------------------------
setting window's working directory
:lcd {path} set the working directory for the current window
:windo lcd {path} set the working directory for the current tab page
open and close tabs
:tabedit {filename} Open {filename} in a new tab(if filename omitted create a new tab page containing empty buffer)
<C-w>T Move the current window into its own tab
:tabclose Close the current tab page and all of its windows
:tabonly Keep the active tab page, closing all others
switching between tabs
:tabn[ext] {N} {N}gt Switch to tab page number {N}
:tabn[ext] gt Switch to the next tab page
:tabp[revious] gT Switch to the previous tab page
rearrange tabs
:tabmove [N] rearrange current tab page if N=0 move to the begining if N is omitted move to the end
7. Open Files and Save Them to Disk
:pwd print working directory
:edit {file} open files(specified an absolute or relative path) %:h expands to filepath of the active buffer but removed the filename
cnoremap <expr> %% getcmdtype() == ':' ? expand('%:h').'/' : '%%'
----------------------------------------------
:find open file by its name
:set path+= specify a set of directories inside of which vim will search when :find is invoked
----------------------------------------------
netrw
vim . start up with a file explore window
:edit {dir} Open file explorer for designated directory
:edit . Open file explorer for project root
:edit %:h Open file explorer for current file
:Explore Open file explorer for current file
:Sexplore open file explorer for current file in a horizontal split
:Vexplore open file explorer for current file in a vertical split
----------------------------------------------
save files to Nonexistent Directories
:e {nonexistentFile} create a new empty buffer
<C-g> echos the name and status of the current file
:!mkdir -p %:h create nonexistent directories
----------------------------------------------
save files as the super user
:w !sudo tee % > /dev/null
8. Navigate Inside Files with Motions
_ soft bol
g_ soft eol
ctrl + f/b move to page down/up
ctrl + e/y move to line down/up
zz/zt/zb scroll cursor to middle/top/bottom
----------------------------------------------
move the cursor around
h move One column left (use word-wise or character search motions to move horizontally)
l move One column right
j move One line down
k move One line up
----------------------------------------------
commands for interacting with real and display lines
j Down one real line gj Down one display line
k Up one real line gk Up one display line
0 To first character of real line g0 To first character of display line
^ To first nonblank character of real line g^ To first nonblank character of display line
$ To end of real line g$ To end of display line
----------------------------------------------
Go fast.
commands for move the cursor forward and backward
w/W Forward to start of next word
b/B Backward to start of current/previous word
e/E Forward to end of current/next word
ge/gE Backward to end of previous word
----------------------------------------------
character-search commands(working butifully with operator-pending mode)(use capital letter/punctuation mark char)
f{char} Forward to the next occurrence of {char}(used to move within current line in normal mode)
F{char} Backward to the previous occurrence of {char}
t{char} Forward to the character before the next occurrence of {char}(used with c/d in operator-pending mode)
T{char} Backward to the character after the previous occurrence of {char}
; Repeat the last character-search command
, Reverse the last character-search command
f,dt. delete the last clause of a sentence
user-defined commands
\ default leader key
noremap <Leader>n nzz
noremap <Leader>N Nzz
----------------------------------------------
search command(work with normal/visual/operator-pending modes)
/xxx
----------------------------------------------
var tpl = [
'<a href="{url}">{title}</a>'
]
text objects interact with delimiters(first char is always a or i)
a) or ab A pair of (parentheses) i) or ib Inside of (parentheses)
a} or aB A pair of {braces} i} or iB Inside of {braces}
a] A pair of [brackets] i] Inside of [brackets]
a> A pair of <angle brackets> i> Inside of <angle brackets>
a’ A pair of 'single quotes' i’ Inside of 'single quotes'
a" A pair of "double quotes" i" Inside of "double quotes"
a` A pair of `backticks` i` Inside of `backticks`
at A pair of <xml>tags</xml> it Inside of <xml>tags</xml>
----------------------------------------------
text objects interact with chunks of text(words,sentences,paragraphs)
iw word aw word plus space(s)
iW WORD aW WORD plus space(s)
is sentence as sentence plus space(s)
ip paragraph ap paragraph plus blank line(s)
i usually work with c{motion}
a wusuall york with d{motion}/y{motion}
----------------------------------------------
mark
m{a-zA-Z} marks current cursor location with designated letter(lowercase marks are local to each individual buffer, uppercase marks are globally accessible)
'{mark} move to mark positioning the cursor on the first none-whitespace character
`{mark} move to mark positioning the cursor to the exact position where the mark was set
Vim's automatic marks
`` last jump
`. last change
`^ last insertion
`[ Start of last change or yank
`] End of last change or yank
`< Start of last visual selection
`> End of last visual selection
----------------------------------------------
cities = %w{London Berlin New\ York}
http://github.com/tpope/vim-surround
jump between matching parenthese
% jump between opening and closing sets of parentheses(such as () [] {} )
9. Navigate Between Files with Jumps
traverse Vim's jump list
:jump inspect the jump list
<C-o> jump backward
<C-i> jump forward
jumps(each separate window has its own jump list)
% Jump to matching parenthesis
(/) Jump to start of previous/next sentence
{/} Jump to start of previous/next paragraph
H/M/L Jump to top/middle/bottom of screen
[count]G Jump to line number
/pattern<CR>/?pattern<CR>/n/N Jump to next/previous occurrence of pattern
gf Jump to file name under the cursor
<C-]> Jump to definition of keyword under the cursor
`{mark}/’{mark} Jump to a mark
----------------------------------------------
traverse Vim's change list(each individual buffer has its own change list)
g; jump backward
g, jump forward
:changes jump list
gi restore the cursor position and then swithch back into insert mode
----------------------------------------------
jump to the filename under the cursor
gf goto the filename under the cursor
:set suffixesadd+= specify extensions which Vim will attempt to use when looking up a filename with gf command
:set path+= specify directories which Vim will attempt to use when looking up a filename with gf command
----------------------------------------------
snap between files using global marks(global marks are persisted between editing sessions)
m{A-Z} make global marks
`{A-Z} jump to global marks
10. Copy and Paste
collection = getCollection();
process(somethingInTheWay, target);
using unamed register
xp transpose two characters
ddp transpose two lines
yyp duplicate current line
----------------------------------------------
commands can be prefixed with register
x,s,d{motion},c{motion},y{motion}
readonly registers(value set implicitly)
"% Name of the current file
"# Name of the alternate file
". Last inserted text
": Last Ex command
"/ Last search pattern
----------------------------------------------
I like chips and fish.
Replace a Visual Selection with a Register
p command in Visual mode, it gets the contents of the unnamed register, and it sets the contents of the unnamed register
----------------------------------------------
<table>
<tr>
<td>Symbol</td>
<td>Name</td>
</tr>
</table>
Paste from a register
p put the content of a register after the cursor position
P put the content of a register before the cursor position
gp same as p but leave the cursor positioned at the end of the pasted text instead of at the beginning
gP same as P but leave the cursor positioned at the end of the pasted text instead of at the beginning
duplicat text as a template
gP
----------------------------------------------
[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10].each do |n|
if n%5==0
puts "fizz"
else
Chapter 10. Copy and Paste • 158
report erratum • discussputs n
end
end
pasting from the system clipboard
:set autoindent preserve the same level of indentation each time we create a new line
:set pastetoggle=<f5> press <f5> to toggle the paste option on and off
system paste command use system paste command in Insert mode
"+p paste the content of system clipboard if Vim with system clipboard integration
11. Macros
macro
q{reg} recording a macro
@{reg} play back a sequence of commands by executing a macro
@@ play back the most recent macro being palyed
:reg {reg} inspect the content of register
----------------------------------------------
record a macro
normalize the cursor position
strike your target with a repeatable motion
abort when a motion fails
----------------------------------------------
play back macro with a count
{count}@{reg} play designated count times of macro except motion fails and the macro aborts
----------------------------------------------
1. one
2. two
// break up the monotony
3. three
4. four
executing the macro in series
{count}@{reg}
executing the macro in parallel
:'<,'>normal @a
----------------------------------------------
Append Commands to a Macro
q{A-Z}{commands}q
----------------------------------------------
# ...[end of copyright notice]
module Rank
class Animal
# implementation...
end
end
----------------------------------------------
partridge in a pear tree
turtle doves
French hens
calling birds
golden rings
----------------------------------------------
1. One
2. Two
3. three
4. four
keyboard codes in macros
^[ Esc
<80>kb backspace
^J <CR>
12. Matching Patterns and Literals
tune the case sensitivity of search pattern
\c\C setting case sensitivity per search (c causes search pattern case incensitive)
:set smartcase if pattern is all lowercase then search will be case incensitive
:set ignorecase make Vim's search pattern case incensitive
----------------------------------------------
body { color: #3c3c3c; }
a { color: #0000EE; }
strong { color: #000; }
magic search(default (){| have to be escaped to confer special meaning)
/#\([0-9a-fA-F]\{6}\|[0-9a-fA-F]\{3}\)
very magic search(all characters assume a special meaning except _ letters digits)
/\v#([0-9a-fA-F]{6}|[0-9a-fA-F]{3})
/\v#(\x{6}|\x{3})
----------------------------------------------
The N key searches backward...
...the \v pattern switch (a.k.a. very magic search)...
very nomagic search(only backslash has a special meaning)
/\Va.k.a.
----------------------------------------------
I love Paris in the
the springtime.
use parenthese to capture submatches
/\v<(\w+)\_s+\1>
/\v(%(And|D)rew) (Neil)
:%s//\2, \1/g
----------------------------------------------
the problem with these new recruits is that
they don't keep their boots clean.
stake the boundaries of word
/\<the\> < item as \W\zs\w, and the > item as \w\ze\W
In very magic searches, the naked < and > characters are interpreted as word delimiters
in magic, nomagic, and very nomagic searches we have to escape them.
indirectly use of word boundary
*
#
g* g# perform search without word delimiters
----------------------------------------------
Match "quoted words"---not quote marks.
stake the boundaries of a match
/Pratical \zsVim
/\v"\zs[^"]+\ze"<CR>
----------------------------------------------
Search items: [http://vimdoc.net/search?q=/\\][s]
[s]: http://vimdoc.net/search?q=/\\
escape search field terminator and escape character(/ or ? and \)
/\Vhttp:\/\/vimdoc.net\/search?q=\/\\\\
/\V<C-r>=escape(@u, getcmdtype().'\')
13. Search
search command
:set wrapscan! search the document without wrapping around
options for repeating a search
n Jump to next match, preserving direction and offset
N Jump to previous match, preserving direction and offset
/<CR> Jump forward to next match of same pattern
?<CR> Jump backward to previous match of same pattern
gn select current or next search match and enable character-wise Visual mode
gN select current or previous search match and enable character-wise Visual mode
recall historical searches
<Up>
----------------------------------------------
highlight search matches
:set hlsearch all matches to be highlighted current document as well as in any other open split windows
:set nohlsearch disable hlsearch entirely
:nohlsearch mute search highlighting temporarily until the next time you execute a new or repeat search
nnoremap <silent> <C-l> :<C-u>nohlsearch<CR><C-l>
----------------------------------------------
improve search workflow
:set incsearch enable incremental search
<C-r><C-w> autocompletes search field using remainder of the word (if pattern prefix with /v it will autocompletes the entire word under the cursor)
----------------------------------------------
Aim to learn a new programming lang each year.
Which lang did you pick up last year?
Which langs would you like to learn?
using search offset
/lang/e<CR>
//e<CR>
----------------------------------------------
class XhtmlDocument < XmlDocument; end
class XhtmlTag < XmlTag; end
operate on search match
/\vX(ht)?ml\C<CR>
gUgn
n.n.
----------------------------------------------
This string contains a 'quoted' word.
This string contains 'two' quoted 'words.'
This 'string doesn't make things easy.'
Create Complex Patterns by Iterating upon Search History
q/ summon the search history command window
/\v'.+'
/\v'[^']+'
/\v'([^']|'\w)+'
/\v'(([^']|'\w)+)'
:%s//"\1"/g
:%s/\v'(([^']|'\w)+)'/"\1"/g
----------------------------------------------
var buttons = viewport.buttons;
viewport.buttons.previous.show();
viewport.buttons.next.show();
viewport.buttons.index.hide();
Count the Matches for the Current Pattern
/\<buttons\>
:%s///gn
:vimgrep //g %
:cnext
:cprev
----------------------------------------------
Search for the Current Visual Selection
xnoremap * :<C-u>call <SID>VSetSearch('/')<CR>/<C-R>=@/<CR><CR>
xnoremap # :<C-u>call <SID>VSetSearch('?')<CR>?<C-R>=@/<CR><CR>
function! s:VSetSearch(cmdtype)
let temp = @s
norm! gv"sy
let @/ = '\V' . substitute(escape(@s, a:cmdtype.'\'), '\n', '\\n', 'g')
let @s = temp
endfunction
https://github.com/nelstrom/vim-visual-star-search
14. Substitution
substitute command
:[range]s[ubstitute]/{pattern}/{string}/[flags]
substitute command flags
g change all matches within a line rather than just changing the first one
c gives us the opportunity to confirm or reject each change
n suppresses the usual substitute behavior, causing the command to report the number of occurrences
e silence errors if the pattern has no matches in the current file
& reuse the same flags from the previous substitute command
Special Characters for the Replacement String
\r Insert a carriage return
\t Insert a tab character
\\ Insert a single backslash
\1 Insert the first submatch
\2 Insert the second submatch (and so on, up to \9)
\0 Insert the entire matched pattern
& Insert the entire matched pattern
~ Use {string} from the previous invocation of :substitute
\={Vim script} Evaluate {Vim script} expression; use result as replacement {string}
----------------------------------------------
When the going gets tough, the tough get going.
If you are going through hell, keep going.
Find and Replace Every Match in a File
:%s/going/rolling/g
----------------------------------------------
...We're waiting for content before the site can go live...
...If you are content with this, let's go ahead with it...
...We'll launch as soon as we have the content...
Eyeball Each Substitution
:%s/content/copy/gc
Vim’s Substitute Confirmation Mode
y Substitute this match
n Skip this match
q Quit substituting
l "last"—Substitute this match, then quit
a "all"—Substitute this and any remaining matches
<C-e> Scroll the screen up one line
<C-y> Scroll the screen down one line
----------------------------------------------
paste the contents of the last search register
:%s/<C-r>//"\1"/g
----------------------------------------------
use the content of register in replacement string
:%s//<C-r>0/g
:%s//\=@0/g
----------------------------------------------
Repeat a Line-Wise Substitution Across the Entire File
:s/target/replacement/g
:%s//~/&
g&
mixin = {
applyName: function(config) {
return Factory(config, this.getName());
},
}
replay the last substitue command
:&&
making & trigger :&& command
nnoremap & :&&<CR>
xnoremap & :&&<CR>
----------------------------------------------
last name,first name,email
neil,drew,drew@vimcasts.org
doe,john,john@example.com
reference submatch in replacement string
/\v^([^,]*),([^,]*),([^,]*)$
:%s//\3,\2,\1
----------------------------------------------
<h2>Heading number 1</h2>
<h3>Number 2 heading</h3>
<h4>Another heading</h4>
perform arithmetic on replacement string
/\v\<\/?h\zs\d
:%s//\=submatch(0)-1/g
----------------------------------------------
The dog bit the man.
Swap Two or More Words
:let swapper={"dog":"man","man":"dog"}
:echo swapper["dog"]
:echo swapper["man"]
/\v(<man>|<dog>)
:%s//\={"dog":"man","man":"dog"}[submatch(1)]/g
https://github.com/tpope/vim-abolish
:%S/{man,dog}/{dog,man}/g
----------------------------------------------
Find and replace in current buffer
/Pragmatic\ze Vim
:%s//Practical/g
Find and Replace Across Multiple Files
/Pragmatic\ze Vim
:vimgrep // **/*.txt
:set hidden
:cfdo %s//Practical/gc
:cfdo update
15. Global Commands
global command(run an Ex command on each line that matches a particular pattern, default range is entire file %, default cmd is :print)
:[range] global[!] /{pattern}/ [cmd]
----------------------------------------------
<ol>
<li>
<a href="/episodes/show-invisibles/">
Show invisibles
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/episodes/tabs-and-spaces/">
Tabs and Spaces
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/episodes/whitespace-preferences-and-filetypes/">
Whitespace preferences and filetypes
</a>
</li>
</ol>
delete lines containing a pattern
/\v\<\/?\w+>
:g//d
keep lines containing a pattern
:v/href/d
----------------------------------------------
Markdown.dialects.Gruber = {
lists: function() {
// TODO: Cache this regexp for certain depths.
function regex_for_depth(depth) { /* implementation */ }
},
"`": function inlineCode( text ) {
var m = text.match( /(`+)(([\s\S]*?)\1)/ );
if ( m && m[2] )
return [ m[1].length + m[2].length ];
else {
// TODO: No matching end code found - warn!
return [ 1, "`" ];
}
}
}
collect all lines that match a pattern in a register
qaq
:g/TODO/yank A
:g/TODO/t$
----------------------------------------------
html {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
border: 0;
font-size: 100%;
font: inherit;
vertical-align: baseline;
}
body {
line-height: 1.5;
color: black;
background: white;
}
Alphabetize the Properties of Each Rule in a CSS File
:g/{/ .+1,/}/-1 sort
generalized form of global command
:g/{start}/ .,{finish} [cmd]
16. Index and Navigate Source Code with ctags
Exuberant Ctags
yum ctags
ctags *.rb
----------------------------------------------
specify where Vim should look to find a tags file
:set tags?
Generate the tags File
:!ctags -R
:nnoremap <f5> :!ctags -R<CR>
Automatically Execute ctags Each Time a File is Saved
:autocmd BufWritePost * call system("ctags -R")
Automatically Execute ctags with Version Control Hooks
http://tbaggery.com/2011/08/08/effortless-ctags-with-git.html
----------------------------------------------
tag command
<C-]> jump from the keyword under the cursor to the definition
<C-t> jump backword for tag jump history
g<C-]> if keyword has multiple matches prompt a list of tag match
:tselect retrospectively pull up the menu of the tag match list
:tnext
:tprev
:tfirst
:tlast
<C-]> Jump to the first tag that matches the word under the cursor
g<C-]> Prompt user to select from multiple matches for the word under the cursor. If only one match exists, jump to it without prompting.
:tag {keyword} Jump to the first tag that matches {keyword}, Keyword could be regualr expression
:tjump {keyword} Prompt user to select from multiple matches for {keyword}. If only one match exists, jump to it without prompting. Keyword could be regualr expression
:pop or <C-t> Reverse through tag history
:tag Advance through tag history
:tselect Prompt user to choose an item from the tag match list
:tnext Jump to next matching tag
:tprev Jump to previous matching tag
:tfirst Jump to first matching tag
:tlast Jump to last matching tag
17. Compile Code and Navigate Errors with the Quickfix List
compile the project inside vim
:make
:make!
----------------------------------------------
browse the quickfix list
:cnext Jump to next item, can be prefixed with a count
:cprev Jump to previous item, can be prefixed with a count
:cfirst Jump to first item
:clast Jump to last item
:cnfile Jump to first item in next file
:cpfile Jump to last item in previous file
:cc N Jump to nth item
:copen Open the quickfix window
:cclose Close the quickfix window
:cdo {cmd} Execute {cmd} on each line listed in the quickfix list
:cfdo {cmd} Execute {cmd} once for each file listed in the quickfix list
commands populates quickfix list
:make
:grep
:vimgrep
commands populates location list
:lmake
:lgrep
:lvimgrep
browse the location list
same as quickfix list c replaced with l
----------------------------------------------
recall results from a previous quickfix list
:colder recall an older version of quickfix list, can be prefixed with a count
:cnewer revert from an old quickfix list back to a newer one, can be prefixed with a count
----------------------------------------------
var i;
for (i=1; i <= 100; i++) {
if(i % 15 == 0) {
console.log('Fizzbuzz');
} else if(i % 5 == 0) {
console.log('Buzz');
} else if(i % 3 == 0) {
console.log('Fizz');
} else {
console.log(i);
}
};
Customize the External Compiler
npm install nodelint -g
:setlocal makeprg=NODE_DISABLE_COLORS=1\ nodelint\ %
:setlocal errorformat=%A%f\,\ line\ %l\,\ character\ %c:%m,%Z%.%#,%-G%.%#
https://github.com/bigfish/vim-nodelint
:compiler nodelint
18. Search Project-Wide with grep, vimgrep, and Others
call grep without leaving vim
:grep -i Waldo *
----------------------------------------------
Customize the grep
grepprg="grep -n $* /dev/null"
grepformat="%f:%l:%m,%f:%l%m,%f %l%m"
make grep call ack
yum install ack-grep
ln -s /usr/bin/ack-grep /usr/local/bin/ack
:set grepprg=ack\ --nogroup\ --column\ $*
:set grepformat=%f:%l:%c:%m
alternative grep plugin
https://github.com/tpope/vim-fugitive
https://github.com/mileszs/ack.vim
----------------------------------------------
grep with vim's internal search engine
:vim[grep][!] /{pattern}/[g][j] {file} ...
:vimgrep /going/ clock.txt tough.txt where.txt
:vimgrep /going/g clock.txt tough.txt where.txt
vimgrep each file in the argument list
:args *.txt
:vim /going/g ##
vimgrep reuse last search pattern
/[Dd]on't
:vim //g *.txt
looks inside each of the files in the argument list for the current search pattern
:vim //g ##
19. Dial X for Autocompletion
autocompletion and case sensitivity
if 'ignorecase' option is enabled autocompletion word list will add more candidates
enabling the 'infercase' option to improve candidates
commands trigger autocompletion
<C-n>/<C-p> Generic keywords(buffer list + included files + tag files)
<C-x><C-l> Whole line completion(same as generic keywords source)
<C-x><C-n> Current buffer keywords
<C-x><C-i> Included file keywords
<C-x><C-]> tags file keywords
<C-x><C-k> Dictionary lookup
<C-x><C-f> Filename completion
<C-x><C-o> Omni-completion
----------------------------------------------
commands interacting with autocompletion suggestions pop-up menu
<C-n> Use the next match
<C-p> Use the previous match
<Down> Select the next match(text in document is left unchanged)
<Up> Select the previous match(text in document is left unchanged)
<C-y> Accept the currently selected match (yes)
<C-e> Revert to the originally typed text (exit from autocompletion)
<C-h>(and <BS>) Delete one character from current match
<C-l> Add one character from current match
{char} Stop completion and insert {char}
Refine the Word List as You Type
<C-n><C-p>
----------------------------------------------
inspect buffer list
:ls!
Customizing the Generic Autocompletion
:set complete=.,w,b,u,t,i
:set complete+=k (enable completion words from spelling dictionary)
:set complete-=i (disable completion words from included files)
----------------------------------------------
autocomplete words from the dictionary
:set spell
:h 'dictionary'
----------------------------------------------
.top {
background-color: #ef66ef; }
.bottom {
----------------------------------------------
Here's the "hyperlink" for the Vim tutor:
<vimref href="http://vimhelp.appspot.com/usr_01.txt.html#tutor">tutor</vimref>.
For more information on autocompletion see:
<vimr
autocomplete sequences of words
<C-x><C-p>
autocomplete sequences of lines
<C-x><C-l>
----------------------------------------------
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Practical Vim - the app</title>
<script src="" type="text/javascript"></script>
</head>
<body></body>
</html>
Autocomplete Filenames
:pwd inspect current working directory
:cd {path} change working directory
:cd- revert back to previous working directory
----------------------------------------------
h1 { ba
20. Find and Fix Typos with Vim’s Spell Checker
Yoru mum has a moustache.
Spell Check
:set spell enabling the built-in spell checker, highlight misspelled words
spell checker commands
]s Jump to next spelling error
[s Jump to previous spelling error
z= Suggest corrections for current word(can be prefixed with a count)
zg Add current word to spell file(so it doesn't flagged, can be prefixed with a count)
zw Remove current word from spell file
zug Revert zg or zw command for current word
----------------------------------------------
Use Alternate Spelling Dictionaries
:set spell
:set spelllang=en_us (always local to buffer, default value is en)
http://ftp.vim.org/vim/runtime/spell/
----------------------------------------------
setlocal spelllang=en_us
setlocal spellfile=~/.vim/spell/en.utf-8.add
setlocal spellfile+=~/books/practical_vim/jargon.utf-8.add
Add Words to the Spell File
2zg
1zg
----------------------------------------------
Fix Spelling Errors in Insert Mode
<C-x>s scans backward from the cursor position, stopping when it finds a misspelled word, then builds a word list from suggested corrections and presents them in an autocomplete pop-up menu.
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