Bernstein基多项式
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b_{v,n}(x)=\binom{n}{v}x^v(1-x)^{n-v},\ \ \ v=0,...,n \tag{1}
bv,n(x)=(vn)xv(1−x)n−v, v=0,...,n(1)
Bernstein基到幂函数基变换：
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\begin{aligned} b_{v,n}(x)&=\binom{n}{v}\sum_{k=0}^{n-v}\binom{n-v}{k}(-1)^{k}x^{v+k}\\ &=\sum_{l=v}^{n}\binom{n}{l}\binom{l}{v}(-1)^{l-v}x^{l} \end{aligned} \tag{2}
bv,n(x)=(vn)k=0∑n−v(kn−v)(−1)kxv+k=l=v∑n(ln)(vl)(−1)l−vxl(2)
证明：
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\begin{aligned} b_{v,n}(x)&=\sum_{k=0}^{n-v}\binom{n}{v}\binom{n-v}{k}(-1)^{k}x^{v+k}\\ &=\sum_{k=0}^{n-v}\frac{n!}{(n-v)!v!}\cdot\frac{(n-v)!}{(n-v-k)!k!}(-1)^kx^{v+k}\\ &=\sum_{k=0}^{n-v}\frac{n!\textcolor{red}{(n-k)!}}{\sout{(n-v)!}v!}\cdot\frac{\sout{(n-v)!}}{(n-v-k)!k!\textcolor{red}{(n-k)!}}(-1)^kx^{v+k}\\ &=\sum_{k=0}^{n-v}\binom{n}{n-k}\binom{n-k}{v}(-1)^{k}x^{v+k}\\ &=\sum_{l=v}^{n}\binom{n}{l}\binom{l}{v}(-1)^{l-v}x^{l} \ \ (\text{利用$l=n-k$替换}) \end{aligned}
bv,n(x)=k=0∑n−v(vn)(kn−v)(−1)kxv+k=k=0∑n−v(n−v)!v!n!⋅(n−v−k)!k!(n−v)!(−1)kxv+k=k=0∑n−v(n−v)!v!n!(n−k)!⋅(n−v−k)!k!(n−k)!(n−v)!(−1)kxv+k=k=0∑n−v(n−kn)(vn−k)(−1)kxv+k=l=v∑n(ln)(vl)(−1)l−vxl (利用l=n−k替换)
幂函数基到Bernstein基变换：
(3)
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\begin{aligned} x^{i}&=\sum_{k=0}^{n-i}\binom{n-i}{k}\frac{1}{\binom{n}{k}}b_{n-k,n}(x)\\ &=\frac{1}{\binom{n}{i}}\sum_{s=i}^{n}\binom{s}{i}b_{s,n}(x) \end{aligned} \tag{3}
xi=k=0∑n−i(kn−i)(kn)1bn−k,n(x)=(in)1s=i∑n(is)bs,n(x)(3)
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