Java中自定义异常简单用法和复杂用法

异常的简单用法

public class MyExceptionDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MyException {
        try {
            run();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("an exception happened");
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    static void run() throws MyException {
        try {
            int a = 1 / 0;//模拟产生异常
        }catch(Exception e){
            throw new MyException("zero can't make divide");//抛出自定义异常
        }
    }
}

//自定义异常类
class MyException extends Exception {
    public MyException() {
    }

    public MyException(String message) {
        super(message);//将抛出的异常信息说明存储到消息中
    }
}

运行结果：

异常的复杂用法，枚举作为异常的参数

这样做可以让异常传递其它需要的自定义信息，而不仅仅是一个字符串

import java.util.Date;

public class MyExceptionDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MyException {
        try {
            run();
        } catch (MyException e) {
            System.out.println("an exception happened");
            //获取异常的信息
            MyExceptionEnum em = e.getExceptionEnum();
            System.out.println(em.getMsg());
            System.out.println(em.getDate().toString());
        }
    }

    static void run() throws MyException {
        try {
            int a = 1 / 0;//模拟产生异常
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new MyException(MyExceptionEnum.NotAsDivide);//抛出自定义异常
        }
    }
}

class MyException extends Exception {
    private MyExceptionEnum exceptionEnum;

    public MyException() {
    }

    /**
     * 使用枚举抛出异常的高级用法
     *
     * @param em
     */
    public MyException(MyExceptionEnum em) {
        super(em.getMsg());
        this.exceptionEnum = em;
    }

    public MyExceptionEnum getExceptionEnum() {
        return exceptionEnum;
    }

    public void setExceptionEnum(MyExceptionEnum exceptionEnum) {
        this.exceptionEnum = exceptionEnum;
    }
}

enum MyExceptionEnum {
    NotAsDivide("零不能做除数", new Date()), Other("未处理", new Date());
    private String msg;//记录消息
    private Date date;//记录产生时间

    //必须要有有参构造函数,而且必须和成员变量一致
    MyExceptionEnum(String msg, Date date) {
        this.msg = msg;
        this.date = date;
    }

    MyExceptionEnum() {
    }

    public String getMsg() {
        return msg;
    }

    public void setMsg(String msg) {
        this.msg = msg;
    }

    public Date getDate() {
        return date;
    }

    public void setDate(Date date) {
        this.date = date;
    }
}

运行结果：