【Spring】常用扩展点及其应用场景

包括各种PostProcessor（后置处理器）和各种Aware(感知，通过回调的方式)

这些扩展点的执行时机可以参考【Spring】IOC容器的创建过程，搜索".postProcessXXX"即可得到每个扩展点的执行时机。

BeanFactoryPostProcessor

//类似于BeanPostProcessor，可对bean的定义(配置元数据)进行处理
//即SpringIOC容器允许该类在容器实际实例化任何其他bean之前读取配置元数据，并有可能修改它
//可配置多个BeanFactoryPostProcessor,并结合Order接口来控制BeanFactoryPostProcessors的执行次序
//若想改变实际的bean实例，那么最好使用BeanPostProcessor
//BeanFactoryPostProcessor的作用域范围是容器级的，只和当前所使用的容器有关，仅对当前容器中的bean进行后置处理，
//而不会对其他容器中的bean进行处理，即使两个容器处于同一层次上
@FunctionalInterface
public interface BeanFactoryPostProcessor {

	/**
	 * Modify the application context's internal bean factory after its standard
	 * initialization. All bean definitions will have been loaded, but no beans
	 * will have been instantiated yet. This allows for overriding or adding
	 * properties even to eager-initializing beans.
	 * 在标准初始化之后，修改应用程序上下文的内部Bean工厂。 所有bean定义都将被加载，但尚未实例化任何bean。 这甚至可以覆盖或添加属性，甚至可以用于初始化bean。
	 * @param beanFactory the bean factory used by the application context
	 * @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
	 */
	void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException;
}

子接口及实现类：

BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor接口

/**
 * 对标准BeanFactoryPostProcessor SPI的扩展，允许在常规BeanFactoryPostProcessor检测开始之前注册更多的Bean定义。尤其是，
 * 那些Bean定义反过来定义了BeanFactoryPostProcessor实例。
 */
public interface BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor extends BeanFactoryPostProcessor {

	/**
	 * Modify the application context's internal bean definition registry after its
	 * standard initialization. All regular bean definitions will have been loaded,
	 * but no beans will have been instantiated yet. This allows for adding further
	 * bean definitions before the next post-processing phase kicks in.
	 * 在标准初始化之后，修改应用程序上下文的内部bean定义注册表。 所有常规bean定义都将被加载，但尚未实例化任何bean。 
	 * 这允许在下一个后处理阶段开始之前添加更多的bean定义。
	 * @param registry the bean definition registry used by the application context
	 * @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
	 */
	void postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) throws BeansException;
}

BeanPostProcessor接口

public interface BeanPostProcessor {
 
	/**
	 * Apply this BeanPostProcessor to the given new bean instance <i>before</i> any bean
	 * initialization callbacks (like InitializingBean's <code>afterPropertiesSet</code>
	 * or a custom init-method). The bean will already be populated with property values.
	 * The returned bean instance may be a wrapper around the original.
	 * @param bean the new bean instance
	 * @param beanName the name of the bean
	 * @return the bean instance to use, either the original or a wrapped one
	 * @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
	 * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet
	 */
	Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;
 
	/**
	 * Apply this BeanPostProcessor to the given new bean instance <i>after</i> any bean
	 * initialization callbacks (like InitializingBean's <code>afterPropertiesSet</code>
	 * or a custom init-method). The bean will already be populated with property values.
	 * The returned bean instance may be a wrapper around the original.
	 * <p>In case of a FactoryBean, this callback will be invoked for both the FactoryBean
	 * instance and the objects created by the FactoryBean (as of Spring 2.0). The
	 * post-processor can decide whether to apply to either the FactoryBean or created
	 * objects or both through corresponding <code>bean instanceof FactoryBean</code> checks.
	 * <p>This callback will also be invoked after a short-circuiting triggered by a
	 * {@link InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor#postProcessBeforeInstantiation} method,
	 * in contrast to all other BeanPostProcessor callbacks.
	 * @param bean the new bean instance
	 * @param beanName the name of the bean
	 * @return the bean instance to use, either the original or a wrapped one
	 * @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
	 * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet
	 * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean
	 */
	Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;
}

可以在spring容器实例化bean之后，在执行bean的初始化方法前后，添加一些自己的处理逻辑。这里说的初始化方法，指的是下面两种：
1）bean实现了InitializingBean接口，对应的方法为afterPropertiesSet
2）在bean定义的时候，通过init-method设置的方法

子接口及实现类：

CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor：支持@Resource注解的注入
RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor：支持@Required注解的注入
AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor：支持@Autowired注解的注入
PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor：支持@PersistenceUnit和@PersistenceContext注解的注入
ApplicationContextAwareProcessor：用来为bean注入ApplicationContext等容器对象
这些注解类的BeanPostProcessor，在spring配置文件中，可以通过这样的配置<context:component-scan base-package="*.*" />，自动进行注册。（spring通过ComponentScanBeanDefinitionParser类来解析该标签）

MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor接口

/**
 * 在运行时用于合并的Bean定义的后处理器回调接口。 BeanPostProcessor实现可以实现此子接口，以便对Spring BeanFactory用于创建bean实例的合并bean定义（原始bean定义的已处理副本）进行后处理。
 */
public interface MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor extends BeanPostProcessor {

	/**
	 * Post-process the given merged bean definition for the specified bean.
	 * @param beanDefinition the merged bean definition for the bean
	 * @param beanType the actual type of the managed bean instance
	 * @param beanName the name of the bean
	 * @see AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors
	 */
	void postProcessMergedBeanDefinition(RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition, Class<?> beanType, String beanName);

	/**
	 * A notification that the bean definition for the specified name has been reset,
	 * and that this post-processor should clear any metadata for the affected bean.
	 * <p>The default implementation is empty.
	 * @param beanName the name of the bean
	 * @since 5.1
	 * @see DefaultListableBeanFactory#resetBeanDefinition
	 */
	default void resetBeanDefinition(String beanName) {
	}

}

InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor

public interface InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor extends BeanPostProcessor {

	/**
	 * Apply this BeanPostProcessor <i>before the target bean gets instantiated</i>.
	 * The returned bean object may be a proxy to use instead of the target bean,
	 * effectively suppressing default instantiation of the target bean.
	 * <p>If a non-null object is returned by this method, the bean creation process
	 * will be short-circuited. The only further processing applied is the
	 * {@link #postProcessAfterInitialization} callback from the configured
	 * {@link BeanPostProcessor BeanPostProcessors}.
	 * <p>This callback will only be applied to bean definitions with a bean class.
	 * In particular, it will not be applied to beans with a factory method.
	 * <p>Post-processors may implement the extended
	 * {@link SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor} interface in order
	 * to predict the type of the bean object that they are going to return here.
	 * <p>The default implementation returns {@code null}.
	 * @param beanClass the class of the bean to be instantiated
	 * @param beanName the name of the bean
	 * @return the bean object to expose instead of a default instance of the target bean,
	 * or {@code null} to proceed with default instantiation
	 * @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
	 * @see #postProcessAfterInstantiation
	 * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinition#hasBeanClass
	 */
	@Nullable
	default Object postProcessBeforeInstantiation(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName) throws BeansException {
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Perform operations after the bean has been instantiated, via a constructor or factory method,
	 * but before Spring property population (from explicit properties or autowiring) occurs.
	 * <p>This is the ideal callback for performing custom field injection on the given bean
	 * instance, right before Spring's autowiring kicks in.
	 * <p>The default implementation returns {@code true}.
	 * @param bean the bean instance created, with properties not having been set yet
	 * @param beanName the name of the bean
	 * @return {@code true} if properties should be set on the bean; {@code false}
	 * if property population should be skipped. Normal implementations should return {@code true}.
	 * Returning {@code false} will also prevent any subsequent InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor
	 * instances being invoked on this bean instance.
	 * @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
	 * @see #postProcessBeforeInstantiation
	 */
	default boolean postProcessAfterInstantiation(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * Post-process the given property values before the factory applies them
	 * to the given bean, without any need for property descriptors.
	 * <p>Implementations should return {@code null} (the default) if they provide a custom
	 * {@link #postProcessPropertyValues} implementation, and {@code pvs} otherwise.
	 * In a future version of this interface (with {@link #postProcessPropertyValues} removed),
	 * the default implementation will return the given {@code pvs} as-is directly.
	 * @param pvs the property values that the factory is about to apply (never {@code null})
	 * @param bean the bean instance created, but whose properties have not yet been set
	 * @param beanName the name of the bean
	 * @return the actual property values to apply to the given bean (can be the passed-in
	 * PropertyValues instance), or {@code null} which proceeds with the existing properties
	 * but specifically continues with a call to {@link #postProcessPropertyValues}
	 * (requiring initialized {@code PropertyDescriptor}s for the current bean class)
	 * @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
	 * @since 5.1
	 * @see #postProcessPropertyValues
	 */
	@Nullable
	default PropertyValues postProcessProperties(PropertyValues pvs, Object bean, String beanName)
			throws BeansException {

		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Post-process the given property values before the factory applies them
	 * to the given bean. Allows for checking whether all dependencies have been
	 * satisfied, for example based on a "Required" annotation on bean property setters.
	 * <p>Also allows for replacing the property values to apply, typically through
	 * creating a new MutablePropertyValues instance based on the original PropertyValues,
	 * adding or removing specific values.
	 * <p>The default implementation returns the given {@code pvs} as-is.
	 * @param pvs the property values that the factory is about to apply (never {@code null})
	 * @param pds the relevant property descriptors for the target bean (with ignored
	 * dependency types - which the factory handles specifically - already filtered out)
	 * @param bean the bean instance created, but whose properties have not yet been set
	 * @param beanName the name of the bean
	 * @return the actual property values to apply to the given bean (can be the passed-in
	 * PropertyValues instance), or {@code null} to skip property population
	 * @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
	 * @see #postProcessProperties
	 * @see org.springframework.beans.MutablePropertyValues
	 * @deprecated as of 5.1, in favor of {@link #postProcessProperties(PropertyValues, Object, String)}
	 */
	@Deprecated
	@Nullable
	default PropertyValues postProcessPropertyValues(
			PropertyValues pvs, PropertyDescriptor[] pds, Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {

		return pvs;
	}
}

SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor

public interface SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor extends InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor {

	/**
	 * Predict the type of the bean to be eventually returned from this
	 * processor's {@link #postProcessBeforeInstantiation} callback.
	 * <p>The default implementation returns {@code null}.
	 * @param beanClass the raw class of the bean
	 * @param beanName the name of the bean
	 * @return the type of the bean, or {@code null} if not predictable
	 * @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
	 */
	@Nullable
	default Class<?> predictBeanType(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName) throws BeansException {
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Determine the candidate constructors to use for the given bean.
	 * <p>The default implementation returns {@code null}.
	 * @param beanClass the raw class of the bean (never {@code null})
	 * @param beanName the name of the bean
	 * @return the candidate constructors, or {@code null} if none specified
	 * @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
	 */
	@Nullable
	default Constructor<?>[] determineCandidateConstructors(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName)
			throws BeansException {

		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Obtain a reference for early access to the specified bean,
	 * typically for the purpose of resolving a circular reference.
	 * <p>This callback gives post-processors a chance to expose a wrapper
	 * early - that is, before the target bean instance is fully initialized.
	 * The exposed object should be equivalent to the what
	 * {@link #postProcessBeforeInitialization} / {@link #postProcessAfterInitialization}
	 * would expose otherwise. Note that the object returned by this method will
	 * be used as bean reference unless the post-processor returns a different
	 * wrapper from said post-process callbacks. In other words: Those post-process
	 * callbacks may either eventually expose the same reference or alternatively
	 * return the raw bean instance from those subsequent callbacks (if the wrapper
	 * for the affected bean has been built for a call to this method already,
	 * it will be exposes as final bean reference by default).
	 * <p>The default implementation returns the given {@code bean} as-is.
	 * @param bean the raw bean instance
	 * @param beanName the name of the bean
	 * @return the object to expose as bean reference
	 * (typically with the passed-in bean instance as default)
	 * @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
	 */
	default Object getEarlyBeanReference(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
		return bean;
	}

}

ApplicationContextAware

public interface ApplicationContextAware extends Aware {

	/**
	 * Set the ApplicationContext that this object runs in.
	 * Normally this call will be used to initialize the object.
	 * <p>Invoked after population of normal bean properties but before an init callback such
	 * as {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet()}
	 * or a custom init-method. Invoked after {@link ResourceLoaderAware#setResourceLoader},
	 * {@link ApplicationEventPublisherAware#setApplicationEventPublisher} and
	 * {@link MessageSourceAware}, if applicable.
	 * @param applicationContext the ApplicationContext object to be used by this object
	 * @throws ApplicationContextException in case of context initialization errors
	 * @throws BeansException if thrown by application context methods
	 * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanInitializationException
	 */
	void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException;
}

获取spring 上下文环境的对象，然后通过该上下文对象获取spring容器中的bean对象

BeanFactoryAware

public interface BeanFactoryAware extends Aware {

	/**
	 * Callback that supplies the owning factory to a bean instance.
	 * <p>Invoked after the population of normal bean properties
	 * but before an initialization callback such as
	 * {@link InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet()} or a custom init-method.
	 * @param beanFactory owning BeanFactory (never {@code null}).
	 * The bean can immediately call methods on the factory.
	 * @throws BeansException in case of initialization errors
	 * @see BeanInitializationException
	 */
	void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException;
}

Bean获取配置他们的BeanFactory的引用

BeanNameAware

public interface BeanNameAware extends Aware {

	/**
	 * Set the name of the bean in the bean factory that created this bean.
	 * <p>Invoked after population of normal bean properties but before an
	 * init callback such as {@link InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet()}
	 * or a custom init-method.
	 * @param name the name of the bean in the factory.
	 * Note that this name is the actual bean name used in the factory, which may
	 * differ from the originally specified name: in particular for inner bean
	 * names, the actual bean name might have been made unique through appending
	 * "#..." suffixes. Use the {@link BeanFactoryUtils#originalBeanName(String)}
	 * method to extract the original bean name (without suffix), if desired.
	 */
	void setBeanName(String name);
}

获取该bean在BeanFactory配置中的名字

ResourceLoaderAware

public interface ResourceLoaderAware extends Aware {

	/**
	 * Set the ResourceLoader that this object runs in.
	 * <p>This might be a ResourcePatternResolver, which can be checked
	 * through {@code instanceof ResourcePatternResolver}. See also the
	 * {@code ResourcePatternUtils.getResourcePatternResolver} method.
	 * <p>Invoked after population of normal bean properties but before an init callback
	 * like InitializingBean's {@code afterPropertiesSet} or a custom init-method.
	 * Invoked before ApplicationContextAware's {@code setApplicationContext}.
	 * @param resourceLoader the ResourceLoader object to be used by this object
	 * @see org.springframework.core.io.support.ResourcePatternResolver
	 * @see org.springframework.core.io.support.ResourcePatternUtils#getResourcePatternResolver
	 */
	void setResourceLoader(ResourceLoader resourceLoader);
}

获取ResourceLoader对象，便能够通过它获得各种资源。

ServletContextAware

public interface ServletContextAware extends Aware {

	/**
	 * Set the {@link ServletContext} that this object runs in.
	 * <p>Invoked after population of normal bean properties but before an init
	 * callback like InitializingBean's {@code afterPropertiesSet} or a
	 * custom init-method. Invoked after ApplicationContextAware's
	 * {@code setApplicationContext}.
	 * @param servletContext the ServletContext object to be used by this object
	 * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet
	 * @see org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware#setApplicationContext
	 */
	void setServletContext(ServletContext servletContext);
}

获取servletContext容器。

其它

Spring中bean的生命周期（最详细）
SpringIOC中Bean的生命周期以及各种PostProcessor后置处理器的执行时机