Binder（初始篇）

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-25 20:36:40 发布

万子开发

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-25 20:36:40 发布

阅读量233

点赞数

原文链接：https://my.oschina.net/youranhongcha/blog/149575

版权

红茶一杯话Binder（初始篇）

1 什么是Binder？

简单地说，Binder是Android平台上的一种跨进程交互技术。该技术最早并不是由Google公司提出的，它的前身是Be Inc公司开发的OpenBinder，而且在Palm中也有应用。后来OpenBinder的作者Dianne Hackborn加入了Google公司，并负责Android平台的开发工作，所以把这项技术也带进了Android。

我们知道，在Android的应用层次上，基本上已经没有过去的进程概念了。然而在实现层次，它毕竟还是要建构在一个个进程之上的。实际上，在Android内部，那些支撑应用的组件往往会身处于不同的进程，那么应用的底层必然会牵涉大量的跨进程通信。为了保证通信的高效性，Android提供了Binder机制。

Binder机制具有两层含义：
1）是一种跨进程通信手段（IPC，Inter-Process Communication）。
2）是一种远程过程调用手段（RPC，Remote Procedure Call）。

从实现的角度来说，Binder核心被实现成一个Linux驱动程序，并运行于内核态。这样它才能具有强大的跨进程访问能力。

1.1 简述Binder的跨进程机制

为了理解Binder，我们可以先画一张最简单的跨进程通信示意图：

这个很容易理解，不需赘言。到了Android平台上，IPC机制就变成了Binder机制，情况类似，只不过为了便于说明问题，我们需要稍微调整一下示意图：

图中A侧的圆形块，表示“Binder代理方”，主要用于向远方发送语义，而B侧的方形块则表示“Binder响应方”，主要用于响应语义。需要说明的是，这种图形表示方法是我自己杜撰的，并没有正规的出处。我个人觉得这种图形非常简便，所以在分析Android架构时，会经常使用这种表示法。

在后文中，我们可以看到，Binder代理方大概对应于C++层次的BpBinder对象，而Binder响应方则对应于BBinder对象。这两个对象在后文会详细阐述，此处不必太细究。

然而，上图的Binder代理方主要只负责了“传递信息”的工作，并没有起到“远程过程调用”的作用，如果要支持远程过程调用，我们还必须提供“接口代理方”和“接口实现体”。这样，我们的示意图就需要再调整一下，如下：

从图中可以看到，A进程并不直接和BpBinder（Binder代理）打交道，而是通过调用BpInterface（接口代理）的成员函数来完成远程调用的。此时，BpBinder已经被聚合进BpInterface了，它在BpInterface内部完成了一切跨进程的机制。另一方面，与BpInterface相对的响应端实体就是BnInterface（接口实现）了。需要注意的是，BnInterface是继承于BBinder的，它并没有采用聚合的方式来包含一个BBinder对象，所以上图中B侧的BnInterface块和BBinder块的背景图案是相同的。

这样看来，对于远程调用的客户端而言，主要搞的就是两个东西，一个是“Binder代理”，一个是“接口代理”。而服务端主要搞的则是“接口实现体”。因为binder是一种跨进程通信机制，所以还需要一个专门的管理器来为通信两端牵线搭桥，这个管理器就是Service Manager Service。不过目前我们可以先放下Service Manager Service，以后再详细研究。

2 Binder相关接口和类

Android的整个跨进程通信机制都是基于Binder的，这种机制不但会在底层使用，也会在上层使用，所以必须提供Java和C++两个层次的支持。

2.1 Java层次的binder元素

Java层次里并没有我们前文图中所表示的BpBinder、BpInterface、BBinder等较低层次的概念，取而代之的是IBinder接口、IInterface等接口。Android要求所有的Binder实体都必须实现IBinder接口，该接口的定义截选如下：

【frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/IBinder.java】

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">interface</span></span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">IBinder</span> 
{
    . . . . . .
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> String <span style="color:#6f42c1">getInterfaceDescriptor</span>() <span style="color:#d73a49">throws</span> RemoteException;
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> <span style="color:#d73a49">boolean</span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">pingBinder</span>();
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> <span style="color:#d73a49">boolean</span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">isBinderAlive</span>();
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> IInterface <span style="color:#6f42c1">queryLocalInterface</span>(String descriptor);
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">dump</span>(FileDescriptor fd, String[] args) <span style="color:#d73a49">throws</span> RemoteException;
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">dumpAsync</span>(FileDescriptor fd, String[] args) <span style="color:#d73a49">throws</span> RemoteException;
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> <span style="color:#d73a49">boolean</span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">transact</span>(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">int</span></span> code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">int</span></span> flags)
<span style="color:#d73a49">throws</span> RemoteException;
    
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">interface</span></span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">DeathRecipient</span> 
    {
        <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">binderDied</span>();
    }
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">linkToDeath</span>(DeathRecipient recipient, <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">int</span></span> flags)<span style="color:#d73a49">throws</span> RemoteException;
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> <span style="color:#d73a49">boolean</span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">unlinkToDeath</span>(DeathRecipient recipient, <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">int</span></span> flags);
}</code></span></span></span>

另外，不管是代理方还是实体方，都必须实现IInterface接口：

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">interface</span></span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">IInterface</span>
{
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> IBinder <span style="color:#6f42c1">asBinder</span>();
}</code></span></span></span>

Java层次中，与Binder相关的接口或类的继承关系如下：

在实际使用中，我们并不需要编写上图的XXXXNative、XXXXProxy，它们会由ADT根据我们编写的aidl脚本自动生成。用户只需继承XXXXNative编写一个具体的XXXXService即可，这个XXXXService就是远程通信的服务实体类，而XXXXProxy则是其对应的代理类。

关于Java层次的binder组件，我们就先说这么多，主要是先介绍一个大概。就研究跨进程通信而言，其实质内容基本上都在C++层次，Java层次只是一个壳而已。以后我会写专文来打通Java层次和C++层次，看看它们是如何通过JNI技术关联起来的。现在我们还是把注意力集中在C++层次吧。

2.2 C++层次的binder元素

在C++层次，就能看到我们前文所说的BpBinder类和BBinder类了。这两个类都继承于IBinder，IBinder的定义截选如下：

【frameworks/native/include/binder/IBinder.h】

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">class</span></span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">IBinder</span> : <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> RefBase
{
<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span>:
    . . . . . .
    IBinder();
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> sp<IInterface>  queryLocalInterface(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> String16& descriptor);
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> String16& <span style="color:#6f42c1">getInterfaceDescriptor</span>() <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> = 0;

    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">bool</span></span>            <span style="color:#6f42c1">isBinderAlive</span>() <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> = 0;
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> status_t        <span style="color:#6f42c1">pingBinder</span>() = 0;
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> status_t        <span style="color:#6f42c1">dump</span>(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">int</span></span> fd, <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> Vector<String16>& args) = 0;
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> status_t        <span style="color:#6f42c1">transact</span>(<span style="color:#d73a49">uint32_t</span> code, <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> Parcel& data,
                                     Parcel* reply, <span style="color:#d73a49">uint32_t</span> flags = 0) = 0;

    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">class</span></span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">DeathRecipient</span> : <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> RefBase
    {
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span>:
        <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">binderDied</span>(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> wp<IBinder>& who) = 0;
    };
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> status_t        <span style="color:#6f42c1">linkToDeath</span>(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> sp<DeathRecipient>& recipient,
                                        <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>* cookie = <span style="color:#005cc5">NULL</span>, <span style="color:#d73a49">uint32_t</span> flags = 0) = 0;
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> status_t        <span style="color:#6f42c1">unlinkToDeath</span>(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> wp<DeathRecipient>& recipient,
                                          <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>* cookie = <span style="color:#005cc5">NULL</span>, <span style="color:#d73a49">uint32_t</span> flags = 0,
                                          wp<DeathRecipient>* outRecipient = <span style="color:#005cc5">NULL</span>) = 0;

    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">bool</span></span>            <span style="color:#6f42c1">checkSubclass</span>(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>* subclassID) <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span>;
    
    <span style="color:#d73a49">typedef</span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#6f42c1">void</span></span> (*object_cleanup_func)(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>* id, <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>* obj, <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>* cleanupCookie);
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>            <span style="color:#6f42c1">attachObject</span>(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>* objectID, <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>* <span style="color:#0000ff">object</span>,
                                         <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>* cleanupCookie, object_cleanup_func func) = 0;
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>*           <span style="color:#6f42c1">findObject</span>(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>* objectID) <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> = 0;
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>            <span style="color:#6f42c1">detachObject</span>(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>* objectID) = 0;

    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> BBinder*        <span style="color:#6f42c1">localBinder</span>();
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> BpBinder*       <span style="color:#6f42c1">remoteBinder</span>();

<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">protected</span></span>:
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span>          ~IBinder();
<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">private</span></span>:
};</code></span></span></span>

C++层次的继承关系图如下：

其中有以下几个很关键的类：

BpBinder
BpInterface
BBinder
BnInterface

它们扮演着很重要的角色。

2.2.1 BpBinder

BpBinder的定义截选如下：

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">class</span></span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">BpBinder</span> : <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> IBinder
{
<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span>:
BpBinder(<span style="color:#d73a49">int32_t</span> handle);
    <span style="color:#d73a49">inline</span>  int32_t     <span style="color:#6f42c1">handle</span>() <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> { <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">return</span></span> mHandle; }

    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> String16&    <span style="color:#6f42c1">getInterfaceDescriptor</span>() <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span>;
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">bool</span></span>        <span style="color:#6f42c1">isBinderAlive</span>() <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span>;
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> status_t    <span style="color:#6f42c1">pingBinder</span>();
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> status_t    <span style="color:#6f42c1">dump</span>(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">int</span></span> fd, <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> Vector<String16>& args);

    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> status_t    <span style="color:#6f42c1">transact</span>(<span style="color:#d73a49">uint32_t</span> code, <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> Parcel& data,
                                    Parcel* reply, <span style="color:#d73a49">uint32_t</span> flags = 0);
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> status_t    <span style="color:#6f42c1">linkToDeath</span>(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> sp<DeathRecipient>& recipient,
                                    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>* cookie = <span style="color:#005cc5">NULL</span>, <span style="color:#d73a49">uint32_t</span> flags = 0);
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> status_t    <span style="color:#6f42c1">unlinkToDeath</span>(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> wp<DeathRecipient>& recipient,
                                            <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>* cookie = <span style="color:#005cc5">NULL</span>, <span style="color:#d73a49">uint32_t</span> flags = 0,
                                            wp<DeathRecipient>* outRecipient = <span style="color:#005cc5">NULL</span>);
. . . . . .
. . . . . .</code></span></span></span>

作为代理端的核心，BpBinder最重要的职责就是实现跨进程传输的传输机制，至于具体传输的是什么语义，它并不关心。我们观察它的transact()函数的参数，可以看到所有的语义都被打包成Parcel了。其他的成员函数，我们先不深究，待我们储备了足够的基础知识后，再回过头研究它们不迟。

2.2.2 BpInterface

另一个重要的类是BpInterface，它的定义如下：

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#d73a49">template</span><<span style="color:#d73a49">typename</span> <span style="color:#d73a49">INTERFACE</span>>
<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">class</span></span> <span style="color:#d73a49">BpInterface</span> : <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> <span style="color:#d73a49">INTERFACE</span>, <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> <span style="color:#d73a49">BpRefBase</span>
{
<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#005cc5">public</span></span>:
BpInterface(<span style="color:#0000ff">const</span> sp<IBinder>& remote);

<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#005cc5">protected</span></span>:
    <span style="color:#0000ff">virtual</span> IBinder*     onAsBinder();
};</code></span></span></span>

其基类BpRefBase的定义如下：

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">class</span></span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">BpRefBase</span> : <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> RefBase
{
<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">protected</span></span>:
                            BpRefBase(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> sp<IBinder>& o);
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span>                 ~BpRefBase();
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>            <span style="color:#6f42c1">onFirstRef</span>();
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>            <span style="color:#6f42c1">onLastStrongRef</span>(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>* id);
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">bool</span></span>            <span style="color:#6f42c1">onIncStrongAttempted</span>(<span style="color:#d73a49">uint32_t</span> flags, <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>* id);
    <span style="color:#d73a49">inline</span>  IBinder*        <span style="color:#6f42c1">remote</span>()                { <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">return</span></span> mRemote; }
    <span style="color:#d73a49">inline</span>  IBinder*        <span style="color:#6f42c1">remote</span>() <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span>          { <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">return</span></span> mRemote; }

<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">private</span></span>:
BpRefBase(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> BpRefBase& o);
    BpRefBase&              <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">operator</span></span>=(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> BpRefBase& o);
    IBinder* <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span>           mRemote;
    RefBase::weakref_type*  mRefs;
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">volatile</span></span> <span style="color:#d73a49">int32_t</span>         mState;
};</code></span></span></span>

BpInterface使用了模板技术，而且因为它继承了BpRefBase，所以先天上就聚合了一个mRemote成员，这个成员记录的就是前面所说的BpBinder对象啦。以后，我们还需要继承BpInterface<>实现我们自己的代理类。

在实际的代码中，我们完全可以创建多个聚合同一BpBinder对象的代理对象，这些代理对象就本质而言，对应着同一个远端binder实体。在Android框架中，常常把指向同一binder实体的多个代理称为token，这样即便这些代理分别处于不同的进程中，它们也具有了某种内在联系。这个知识点需要大家关注。

2.2.3 BBinder

Binder远程通信的目标端实体必须继承于BBinder类，该类和BpBinder相对，主要关心的只是传输方面的东西，不太关心所传输的语义。

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">class</span></span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">BBinder</span> : <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> IBinder
{
<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span>:
BBinder();
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> String16& <span style="color:#6f42c1">getInterfaceDescriptor</span>() <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span>;
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">bool</span></span>        <span style="color:#6f42c1">isBinderAlive</span>() <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span>;
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> status_t    <span style="color:#6f42c1">pingBinder</span>();
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> status_t    <span style="color:#6f42c1">dump</span>(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">int</span></span> fd, <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> Vector<String16>& args);

    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> status_t    <span style="color:#6f42c1">transact</span>(<span style="color:#d73a49">uint32_t</span> code, <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> Parcel& data,
                                      Parcel* reply, <span style="color:#d73a49">uint32_t</span> flags = 0);

    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> status_t    <span style="color:#6f42c1">linkToDeath</span>(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> sp<DeathRecipient>& recipient,
                                    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>* cookie = <span style="color:#005cc5">NULL</span>, <span style="color:#d73a49">uint32_t</span> flags = 0);

    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> status_t    <span style="color:#6f42c1">unlinkToDeath</span>(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> wp<DeathRecipient>& recipient,
                                            <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>* cookie = <span style="color:#005cc5">NULL</span>, <span style="color:#d73a49">uint32_t</span> flags = 0,
                                            wp<DeathRecipient>* outRecipient = <span style="color:#005cc5">NULL</span>);

    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>        <span style="color:#6f42c1">attachObject</span>(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>* objectID, <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>* <span style="color:#0000ff">object</span>,
                                          <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>* cleanupCookie, object_cleanup_func func);
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>*       <span style="color:#6f42c1">findObject</span>(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>* objectID) <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span>;
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>        <span style="color:#6f42c1">detachObject</span>(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>* objectID);

    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> BBinder*    <span style="color:#6f42c1">localBinder</span>();

<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">protected</span></span>:
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span>             ~BBinder();

    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> status_t    <span style="color:#6f42c1">onTransact</span>(<span style="color:#d73a49">uint32_t</span> code, <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> Parcel& data,
                                        Parcel* reply, <span style="color:#d73a49">uint32_t</span> flags = 0);
<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">private</span></span>:
    BBinder(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> BBinder& o);
    BBinder&    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">operator</span></span>=(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> BBinder& o);

    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">class</span></span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">Extras</span>;
    Extras*     mExtras;
<span style="color:#0000ff">    <span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>*       mReserved0;
};</code></span></span></span>

我们目前只需关心上面的transact()成员函数，其他函数留待以后再分析。transact函数的代码如下：

【frameworks/native/libs/binder/Binder.cpp】

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:black"><span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#d73a49">status_t</span> BBinder::transact(<span style="color:#d73a49">uint32_t</span> code, <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> Parcel& data, 
                           Parcel* reply, <span style="color:#d73a49">uint32_t</span> flags)
{
    data.setDataPosition(0);
    <span style="color:#d73a49">status_t</span> err = NO_ERROR;
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">switch</span></span> (code) 
    {
        <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">case</span></span> PING_TRANSACTION:
            reply->writeInt32(pingBinder());
            <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">break</span></span>;
        <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">default</span></span>:
            err = onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
            <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">break</span></span>;
    }

    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">if</span></span> (reply != <span style="color:#005cc5">NULL</span>) 
    {
        reply->setDataPosition(0);
    }
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">return</span></span> err;
}</code></span></span></span></span>

看到了吗，transact()内部会调用onTransact()，从而走到用户所定义的子类的onTransact()里。这个onTransact()的一大作用就是解析经由Binder机制传过来的语义了。

2.2.4 BnInterface

远程通信目标端的另一个重要类是BnInterface<>，它是与BpInterface<>相对应的模板类，比较关心传输的语义。一般情况下，服务端并不直接使用BnInterface<>，而是使用它的某个子类。为此，我们需要编写一个新的BnXXX子类，并重载它的onTransact()成员函数。

BnInterface<>的定义如下：

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#d73a49">template</span><<span style="color:#d73a49">typename</span> INTERFACE>
<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">class</span></span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">BnInterface</span> : <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> INTERFACE, <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> BBinder
{
<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span>:
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> sp<IInterface>      queryLocalInterface(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> String16& _descriptor);
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> String16&     <span style="color:#6f42c1">getInterfaceDescriptor</span>() <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span>;

<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">protected</span></span>:
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> IBinder*            <span style="color:#6f42c1">onAsBinder</span>();
};</code></span></span></span>

如上所示，BnInterface<>继承于BBinder，但它并没有实现一个默认的onTransact()成员函数，所以在远程通信时，前文所说的BBinder::transact()调用的onTransact()应该就是BnInterface<>的某个子类的onTransact()成员函数。

2.3 几个重要的C++宏或模板

为了便于编写新的接口和类，Android在C++层次提供了几个重要的宏和模板，比如我们在IInterface.h文件中，可以看到DECLARE_META_INTERFACE、IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE的定义。

2.3.1 DECLARE_META_INTERFACE()

DECLARE_META_INTERFACE()的定义如下：

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#cc6633"><span style="color:#6a737d">#define</span></span><span style="color:#6a737d"> DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(INTERFACE)                               \</span>
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">static</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> android::String16 descriptor;                          \
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">static</span></span> android::sp<I<span style="color:#6a737d">##INTERFACE> asInterface(                       \</span>
            <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> android::sp<android::IBinder>& obj);                  \
    <span style="color:#0000ff">virtual</span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> android::String16& getInterfaceDescriptor() <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span>;    \
    I<span style="color:#6a737d">##INTERFACE();                                                     \</span>
    <span style="color:#0000ff">virtual</span> ~I<span style="color:#6a737d">##INTERFACE();                                            \</span></code></span></span></span>

我们举个实际的例子，来说明如何使用这个宏：

上例中ICamera内部使用了DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(Camera)，我们把宏展开后，可以看到ICamera类的定义相当于：

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">class</span></span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">ICamera</span>: <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> IInterface
{
<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span>:

<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">static</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> android::String16 descriptor;
<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">static</span></span> android::sp<ICamera> asInterface( <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> android::sp<android::IBinder>& obj);
<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> android::String16& <span style="color:#6f42c1">getInterfaceDescriptor</span>() <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span>;
ICamera();
<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> ~ICamera();

<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">disconnect</span>() = 0;
. . . . . .</code></span></span></span>

宏展开的部分就是中间那5行代码，其中最关键的就是asInterface()函数了，这个函数将承担把BpBinder打包成BpInterface的职责。

2.3.2 IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE()

与DECLARE_META_INTERFACE相对的就是IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE宏。它的定义如下：

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#cc6633"><span style="color:#6a737d">#define</span></span><span style="color:#6a737d"> IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(INTERFACE, NAME)                       \</span>
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> android::String16 I<span style="color:#6a737d">##INTERFACE::descriptor(NAME);             \</span>
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> android::String16&                                            \
            I<span style="color:#6a737d">##INTERFACE::getInterfaceDescriptor() </span><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#6a737d">const</span></span><span style="color:#6a737d"> {              \</span>
        <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">return</span></span> I<span style="color:#6a737d">##INTERFACE::descriptor;                                \</span>
    }                                                                   \
    android::sp<I<span style="color:#6a737d">##INTERFACE> I##INTERFACE::asInterface(                \</span>
            <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> android::sp<android::IBinder>& obj)                   \
    {                                                                   \
        android::sp<I<span style="color:#6a737d">##INTERFACE> intr;                                 \</span>
        <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">if</span></span> (obj != <span style="color:#d73a49">NULL</span>) {                                              \
            intr = static_cast<I<span style="color:#6a737d">##INTERFACE*>(                          \</span>
                obj->queryLocalInterface(                               \
                        I<span style="color:#6a737d">##INTERFACE::descriptor).get());               \</span>
            <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">if</span></span> (intr == <span style="color:#d73a49">NULL</span>) {                                         \
                intr = <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">new</span></span> Bp<span style="color:#6a737d">##INTERFACE(obj);                          \</span>
            }                                                           \
        }                                                               \
        <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">return</span></span> intr;                                                    \
    }                                                                   \
    I<span style="color:#6a737d">##INTERFACE::I##INTERFACE() { }                                    \</span>
    I<span style="color:#6a737d">##INTERFACE::~I##INTERFACE() { }                                   \</span></code></span></span></span>

其中，实现了关键的asInterface()函数。

实际使用IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE时，我们只需把它简单地写在binder实体所处的cpp文件中即可，举例如下：

其中的IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(Camera, “android.hardware.ICamera”);一句相当于以下这段代码：

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> android::String16 ICamera::descriptor(“android.hardware.ICamera”);
<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> android::String16& ICamera::getInterfaceDescriptor() <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> 
{
<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">return</span></span> ICamera::descriptor;
}

android::sp<ICamera> ICamera::asInterface(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> android::sp<android::IBinder>& obj)
{
android::sp<ICamera > intr;
<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">if</span></span> (obj != <span style="color:#005cc5">NULL</span>) 
{
intr = <span style="color:#d73a49">static_cast</span><ICamera*>(obj->queryLocalInterface(
ICamera::descriptor).get());
        <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">if</span></span> (intr == <span style="color:#005cc5">NULL</span>) 
{
            intr = <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">new</span></span> BpCamera(obj);
        }
}
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">return</span></span> intr;
}

ICamera::ICamera() { }
ICamera::~ICamera () { }</code></span></span></span>

看来，其中重点实现了asInterface()成员函数。请注意，asInterface()函数中会先尝试调用queryLocalInterface()来获取intr。此时，如果asInterface()的obj参数是个代理对象（BpBinder），那么intr = static_cast<ICamera*>(obj->queryLocalInterface(...)一句得到的intr基本上就是NULL啦。这是因为除非用户编写的代理类重载queryLocalInterface()函数，否则只会以默认函数为准。而IBinder类中的默认queryLocalInterface()函数如下：

【frameworks/native/libs/binder/Binder.cpp】

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><code>sp<IInterface>  IBinder::queryLocalInterface(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> String16& descriptor)
{
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">return</span></span> <span style="color:#d73a49">NULL</span>;
}</code></span></span></span>

另一方面，如果obj参数是个实现体对象（BnInterface对象）的话，那么queryLocalInterface()函数的默认返回值就是实体对象的this指针了，代码如下：

【frameworks/native/include/binder/IInterface.h】

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><code>template<typename INTERFACE>
<span style="color:#d73a49">inline</span> sp<IInterface> BnInterface<INTERFACE>::queryLocalInterface(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> String16& _descriptor)
{
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">if</span></span> (_descriptor == INTERFACE::descriptor) 
        <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">return</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">this</span></span>;
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">return</span></span> NULL;
}</code></span></span></span>

在我们所举的Camera例子中，我们要研究的是如何将BpBinder转成BpInterface，所以现在我们只阐述obj参数为BpBinder的情况。此时asInterface()函数中obj->queryLocalInterface()的返回值为NULL，于是asInterface()会走到new BpCamera(obj)一句，这一句是最关键的一句。我们知道，BpCamera继承于BpInterface<ICamera>，所以此时所创建的BpCamera对象正是可被App使用的BpInterface代理对象。

BpCamera的定义如下：

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">class</span></span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">BpCamera</span>: <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span><span style="color:#d73a49"> BpInterface</span><<span style="color:#d73a49">ICamera</span>>
{
<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span>:
    BpCamera(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> sp<IBinder>& impl)
        : BpInterface<ICamera>(impl)
    {
    }

    <span style="color:#008000"><span style="color:#6a737d">// disconnect from camera service</span></span>
    <span style="color:#0000ff">void</span> disconnect()
    {
        LOGV(<span style="color:#006080"><span style="color:#032f62">"disconnect"</span></span>);
        Parcel <span style="color:#d73a49">data</span>, reply;
        <span style="color:#d73a49">data</span>.writeInterfaceToken(ICamera::getInterfaceDescriptor());
        remote()->transact(DISCONNECT, <span style="color:#d73a49">data</span>, &reply);
    }
. . . . . .</code></span></span></span>

至此，IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE宏和asInterface()函数的关系就分析完毕了。

2.3.3 interface_cast

不过，我们经常使用的其实并不是asInterface()函数，而是interface_cast()，它简单包装了asInterface()：

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#d73a49">template</span><<span style="color:#d73a49">typename</span> INTERFACE>
<span style="color:#d73a49">inline</span> sp<INTERFACE> interface_cast(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">const</span></span> sp<IBinder>& obj)
{
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">return</span></span> INTERFACE::asInterface(obj);
}</code></span></span></span>

以上就是关于C++层次中一些binder元素的介绍，下面我们再进一步分析其他细节。

3 ProcessState

前文我们已经提到过，在Android的上层架构中，已经大幅度地弱化了进程的概念。应用程序员能看到的主要是activity、service、content provider等概念，再也找不到以前熟悉的main()函数了。然而，底层程序（C++层次）毕竟还是得跑在一个个进程之上，现在我们就来看底层进程是如何运用Binder机制来完成跨进程通信的。

在每个进程中，会有一个全局的ProcessState对象。这个很容易理解，ProcessState的字面意思不就是“进程状态”吗，当然应该是每个进程一个ProcessState。ProcessState的定义位于frameworks/native/include/binder/ProcessState.h中，我们只截选其中的一部分：

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">class</span></span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">ProcessState</span> : <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">virtual</span></span> RefBase
{
<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">public</span></span>:
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">static</span></span>  sp<ProcessState>    self();
    . . . . . .
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>                <span style="color:#6f42c1">startThreadPool</span>();
    . . . . . .
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>                <span style="color:#6f42c1">spawnPooledThread</span>(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">bool</span></span> isMain);
    <span style="color:#d73a49">status_t</span>            setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(<span style="color:#d73a49">size_t</span> maxThreads);

<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">private</span></span>:
    <span style="color:#d73a49">friend</span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">class</span></span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">IPCThreadState</span>;
    . . . . . .
    
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">struct</span></span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">handle_entry</span> 
    {
        IBinder* binder;
        RefBase::weakref_type* refs;
    };
    handle_entry*       <span style="color:#6f42c1">lookupHandleLocked</span>(<span style="color:#d73a49">int32_t</span> handle);
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">int</span></span>                 mDriverFD;
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">void</span></span>*               mVMStart;
    <span style="color:#d73a49">mutable</span> Mutex       mLock;  <span style="color:#008000"><span style="color:#6a737d">// protects everything below.</span></span>
    
    Vector<handle_entry> mHandleToObject;
    . . . . . .
    KeyedVector<String16, sp<IBinder> > mContexts;
    . . . . . .
};</code></span></span></span>

我们知道，Binder内核被设计成一个驱动程序，所以ProcessState里专门搞了个mDriverFD域，来记录binder驱动对应的句柄值，以便随时和binder驱动通信。ProcessState对象采用了典型的单例模式，在一个应用进程中，只会有唯一的一个ProcessState对象，它将被进程中的多个线程共用，因此每个进程里的线程其实是共用所打开的那个驱动句柄（mDriverFD）的，示意图如下：

每个进程基本上都是这样的结构，组合起来的示意图就是：

我们常见的使用ProcessState的代码如下：

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#0000ff">int</span> main(<span style="color:#0000ff">int</span> argc, <span style="color:#0000ff">char</span>** argv)
{
    sp<ProcessState> proc(ProcessState::<span style="color:#d73a49">self</span>());
    . . . . . .
    . . . . . .
    ProcessState::<span style="color:#d73a49">self</span>()->startThreadPool();
    IPCThreadState::<span style="color:#d73a49">self</span>()->joinThreadPool();
}</code></span></span></span>

因为ProcessState采用的是单例模式，所以它的构造函数是private的，我们只能通过调用ProcessState::self()来获取进程中唯一的一个ProcessState对象。self()函数的代码如下：

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><code>sp<ProcessState> ProcessState::self()
{
    Mutex::Autolock _l(gProcessMutex);
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">if</span></span> (gProcess != <span style="color:#d73a49">NULL</span>) {
        <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">return</span></span> gProcess;
    }
    gProcess = <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">new</span></span> ProcessState;
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">return</span></span> gProcess;
}</code></span></span></span>

ProcessState对象构造之时，就会打开binder驱动：

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><code>ProcessState::ProcessState()
    : mDriverFD(open_driver())     <span style="color:#008000"><span style="color:#6a737d">// 打开binder驱动。</span></span>
    , mVMStart(MAP_FAILED)
    , mManagesContexts(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">false</span></span>)
    , mBinderContextCheckFunc(<span style="color:#d73a49">NULL</span>)
    , mBinderContextUserData(<span style="color:#d73a49">NULL</span>)
    , mThreadPoolStarted(<span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">false</span></span>)
    , mThreadPoolSeq(1)
{
    . . . . . .
    mVMStart = mmap(0, BINDER_VM_SIZE, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_NORESERVE, mDriverFD, 0);
    . . . . . .    
}</code></span></span></span>

注意上面那句mDriverFD(open_driver())，其中的open_driver()就负责打开“/dev/binder”驱动：

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">static</span></span> <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">int</span></span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">open_driver</span>()
{
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">int</span></span> fd = open(<span style="color:#006080"><span style="color:#032f62">"/dev/binder"</span></span>, O_RDWR);
    . . . . . .
    <span style="color:#d73a49">status_t</span> result = ioctl(fd, BINDER_VERSION, &vers);
    . . . . . .
    <span style="color:#d73a49">size_t</span> maxThreads = 15;
    result = ioctl(fd, BINDER_SET_MAX_THREADS, &maxThreads);
    . . . . . .
    <span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">return</span></span> fd;
}</code></span></span></span>

ProcessState中另一个比较有意思的域是mHandleToObject：

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><code>Vector<span style="color:#333333"><<span style="color:#22863a">handle_entry</span>></span> mHandleToObject;</code></span></span></span>

它是本进程中记录所有BpBinder的向量表噢，非常重要。我们前文已经说过，BpBinder是代理端的核心，现在终于看到它的藏身之处了。在Binder架构中，应用进程是通过“binder句柄”来找到对应的BpBinder的。从这张向量表中我们可以看到，那个句柄值其实对应着这个向量表的下标。这张表的子项类型为handle_entry，定义如下：

<span style="color:#111111"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><code><span style="color:#0000ff"><span style="color:#d73a49">struct</span></span> <span style="color:#6f42c1">handle_entry</span> 
{
    IBinder* binder;
    RefBase::weakref_type* refs;
};</code></span></span></span>

其中的binder域，记录的就是BpBinder对象。

Ok，有关Binder的初步知识，我们就先说这么多。我也不想一下子把所有的信息都塞到一篇文章中，所以打算把更多技术细节安排到其他文章中阐述，呵呵，这需要一点儿时间。

转发：https://my.oschina.net/youranhongcha/blog/149575

万子开发

关注

0
点赞
踩
0

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
0
评论
Binder（初始篇）

红茶一杯话Binder（初始篇）1 什么是Binder？简单地说，Binder是Android平台上的一种跨进程交互技术。该技术最早并不是由Google公司提出的，它的前身是Be Inc公司开发的OpenBinder，而且在Palm中也有应用。后来OpenBinder的作者Dianne Hackborn加入了Google公司，并负责Android平台的开发工作，所以把这项技术也带进了Android。我们知道，在Android的应用层次上，基本...
复制链接

扫一扫