理解中断
中断可以理解为线程的一个标识位属性,它表示一个运行中的线程是否被其他线程进行了中断操作。中断好比其他线程对该线程打了个招呼,其他线程通过调用该线程的intercept()方法对其进行中断操作。(引自《java并发编程的艺术》)
java中断机制能做什么?
假设现在有一个阻塞方法可能因为等不到所等的事件而无法终止,如果我们想终止该阻塞方法该怎么办?
方法1:调用stop()方法。该方法强制中断正在执行的线程,很可能造成临界资源的不一致,已经被弃用。
方法2:调用intercept()方法。该方法的线程被中断,它将尝试停止它正在做的事情而提前返回,并通过抛出 InterruptedException 表明它提前返回。(比stop()方法友好很多……)
中断方法使用实例
public class Run {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
MyThread thread = new MyThread();
thread.start();
Thread.sleep(20);//modify 2000 to 20
thread.interrupt();//请求中断MyThread线程
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("捕获中断异常");
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("main线程执行完成");
}
}
//第一种
public class MyThread extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
while(true) {
if (this.interrupted()) {
System.out.println("mythreada线程被中断");
break;
}
}
System.out.println("mythread执行完成");//尽管线程被中断,但并没有结束运行。这行代码还是会被执行
}
}
//执行结果
main线程执行完成//1
mythreada线程被中断//2
mythread执行完成//3
//第二种,当执行interrupted()方法后,抛出InterruptedException异常
public class MyThread extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (true) {
if (this.interrupted()) {
System.out.println("myThread线程被中断");
throw new InterruptedException();
}
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
/**这样处理不好
* System.out.println("catch interrupted exception");
* e.printStackTrace();
*/
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();//这样处理比较好
}
}
}
通过执行结果可以发现,被中断的线程在被调用interrupt()方法后,会等到方法体执行完成之后才会退出,并不会强制中断。
注意:许多声明抛出InterrupttedException的方法(如Thread.sleep(long mills))这些方法在抛出异常之前,java虚拟机会先将该线程的中断标识位清除,isInterrupted()会返回fasle。
public class Interrupted {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread sleepRunner = new Thread(new SleepRunner(),"sleepRunner");
sleepRunner.setDaemon(true);
Thread busyRunner = new Thread(new BusyRunner(),"busyRunner");
busyRunner.setDaemon(true);
sleepRunner.start();
busyRunner.start();
//休眠,让sleep和busy线程充分执行
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
sleepRunner.interrupt();
busyRunner.interrupt();
System.out.println("sleepThread interrupted is:"+sleepRunner.isInterrupted());
System.out.println("runThread interrupted is:"+busyRunner.isInterrupted());
}
static class SleepRunner implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
static class BusyRunner implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
}
}
}
}
//返回结果
sleepThread interrupted is:false
runThread interrupted is:true
java.lang.InterruptedException: sleep interrupted
at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
at package1.Interrupted$SleepRunner.run(Interrupted.java:29)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Lock锁响应中断实例
public static void main(String[] args) {
ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(true);
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println("我是终端锁,在等待被中断");
lock.lockInterruptibly();//此处如果是lock.lock(),及时线程2来中断也不会做任何响应.
System.out.println("如果我出现,则代表,我不能相应中断");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("我被打断了");
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
});
t1.start();
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
lock.lock();
System.out.println(new Date() + ":我要睡5秒");
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
System.out.println("开始打断线程1");
t1.interrupt();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
System.out.println("已经打断了线程1");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
});
t2.start();
}
//执行结果
Sat Jun 16 21:17:52 CST 2018:我要睡5秒
我是终端锁,在等待被中断
开始打断线程1
java.lang.InterruptedException
at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.doAcquireInterruptibly(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:898)
at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.acquireInterruptibly(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:1222)
at java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock.lockInterruptibly(ReentrantLock.java:335)
at lambda.TestDefault$1.run(TestDefault.java:31)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Exception in thread "Thread-0" java.lang.IllegalMonitorStateException
at java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock$Sync.tryRelease(ReentrantLock.java:151)
at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.release(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:1261)
at java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock.unlock(ReentrantLock.java:457)
at lambda.TestDefault$1.run(TestDefault.java:37)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
我被打断了
已经打断了线程1
线程2在线程1前获取锁,所以当线程2执行lock.lockInterruptibly()方法时会阻塞,当线程2调用t1.interrupt()时,t1对中断作出了响应。所以,Lock锁的其中一个特性:lockInterruptibly()可响应中断!
参考博客:https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-jtp05236.html
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