string（char*）与基本数据类型的转换

string（char*）与基本数据类型的转换

<span style="font-size:18px;">#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<sstream>
using namespace std;

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#define ISDIGIT(ch) ((ch)>='0'||'9'<=(ch))
int StringToInt(const string& Str);
template<class T>
string TransString(const T& val);
//模拟手算过程 能写全不容易
int TransStrinToint(const string& Str);
int StringToInt(const string& Str)
{
	//使用的时候直接使用 不用写函数
	/*
	遇到非法字符便停止转换 我们如果写成模板形式 那么想转double也可以
	*/
	stringstream ss;
	ss << Str;
	int Ret=0;
	ss >> Ret;
	return Ret;
}
template<class T>
string TransString(const T& val)
{
	//这比c语言的sprintf itoa atoi  好用的多
	stringstream ss;
	ss << val;
	string Str = ss.str();
	return Str;
}

//经典手写代码题 不过能写完整不容易
int TransStrinToint(const string& Str)
{
	/*
	1 将返回值先设为long long型 返回时与int判断大小
	2 使用数组（不符合题目意思）
	3 判断越界 但是一定要注意 在越界前判断 
	*/
	/*
	static const int MAX_INT = (int)((unsigned)~0 >> 1);
    static const int MIN_INT = -(int)((unsigned)~0 >> 1) - 1;
	*/
	const unsigned int MAX =INT_MAX;
	const unsigned int MIN =-INT_MIN;
	int num = 0;
	if (Str.empty())
	{
		//如果为空
		return num;
	}
	int i = 0, cur = 0;
	int sign = 1;
	if ('+'==Str[0])
	{
		sign = 1;
		++i;
	}
	else if ('-' == Str[0])
	{
		sign = -1;
		++i;
	}
	while (i<(int)Str.length()&&(ISDIGIT(Str[i])||' '==Str[i]))
	{
		if(' ' == Str[i])
		{
		}
		else 
		{
			cur = Str[i] - '0';
			//在这里判断是否溢出
			if ((1 == sign)&&((num>MAX/10)||num==MAX/10&&(cur>MAX%10)))
			{
				return MAX;
			}
			else if ((-1 == sign) && ((num > MIN / 10) || num == MIN / 10 && (cur > MIN % 10)))
			{
				return MIN;
			}
			else
			{
				num = num * 10 + cur;
			}
		}
		++i;
	}
	return num*sign;
}

int main(void)
{
	string Str1 = "--123s";
	cout << "StringToInt by stringstream: " << StringToInt(Str1) << endl;
	double d1 = -0.1234;
	cout << "TransString by stringstream:" << TransString(d1) << endl;
	string Str2 = "-123231651531315615616516545";//溢出了
	string Str3 = TransString<int>(INT_MAX-1);//2147483647
	Str3 = "-2147483649";
	cout << "TransStrinToint by calculate:" << TransStrinToint(Str3) << endl;
	
	puts("------------------------------------------");
	const char* p = "- 123";
	cout << "atoi:" << atoi(p) << endl;
	int num = -123;
	char buffer[200] = "";
	_itoa_s(num, buffer, 10);
	printf("itoa  %s\n", buffer);
	char s[] = "computer", c = 'l';
	int i = 35, j;
	float fp = 1.7320534f;

	
	//没有常用C语言写程序 函数功能很强大
	/*
	int sprintf_s(
	char *buffer,
	size_t sizeOfBuffer,
	const char *format [,
	argument] ...
	);
	*/

	j = sprintf_s(buffer, 200, " String: %s\n", s);
	j += sprintf_s(buffer + j, 200 - j, " Character: %c\n", c);
	j += sprintf_s(buffer + j, 200 - j, " Integer: %d\n", i);
	j += sprintf_s(buffer + j, 200 - j, " Real: %f\n", fp);

	printf_s("Output:\n%s\ncharacter count = %d\n", buffer, j);
	double d2 = -123.456;
	return 0;
}</span>