精通并发与netty（socket编程详解）

netty在socket编程中的作用：

1. socket开发，可以开发客户端和服务端，微服务开发底层也是用netty来进行数据传输
2. Netty可以支持长连接开发，http连接可以称之为短连接，服务端向客户端推送消息就需要使用websocket。如果是用netty可以只传送所需的数据，还可以自定义协议开发。定义请求头，请求体，请求格式，请求结尾什么

如下案例将展示netty服务端与多个客户端进行socket通讯

服务端代码：

public class MyChatServer {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		
		EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
		EventLoopGroup workerGroup  = new NioEventLoopGroup();
		
		try{
			ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
			bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
			.childHandler(new MyChatServerInitializer());
			
			ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(8899).sync();
			future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
			
		}finally{
			bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
			workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
		}
	}
}

MyChatServerInitializer.java

public class MyChatServerInitializer extends  ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>{
	@Override
	protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
		ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
		//DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder ：netty定制的解码器，主要根据分隔符进行解析
		pipeline.addLast(new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(4096,Delimiters.lineDelimiter()));
		pipeline.addLast(new StringDecoder(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
		pipeline.addLast(new StringEncoder(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
		pipeline.addLast(new MyChatServerHandler());//对于一对多的链接方式的处理
	}
}

MyChatServerHandler.java

/**
 * 消息广播的实现
 * 服务器启动 然后会有多个用户与服务器进行建立连接 且服务端会打印出***已经上线
 * 并且会在其他客户端打印出***上线
 * 如果客户端断开与服务器的链接，则会在控制台中输出***下线，同时广播其他客户端***已经下线
 */
public class MyChatServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> {

	//channelGroup：保存所有与服务器端链接的客户端的channel对象
	private static ChannelGroup channelGroup  = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);

	protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String msg)
			throws Exception {
		Channel channel = ctx.channel(); //发送消息的channel对象
		//把自己挑出来
		channelGroup.forEach(ch->{
			if(channel != ch){ //不是自己
				ch.writeAndFlush(channel.remoteAddress() +"发送的消息: "+msg+"\n");
			}else{
				//是自己
				ch.writeAndFlush("【自己】"+msg + "\n");
			}
		});
	}
	@Override//链接建立
	public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
		Channel channel = ctx.channel(); //链接对象
		//广播  服务端保存所有链接对象 
		//channelGroup 中的writeAndFlush方法会将内容写入到所有的channel中
		channelGroup.writeAndFlush("[服务器-]"+channel.remoteAddress()+ "加入\n");
		channelGroup.add(channel);
	}
	
	@Override //链接断了
	public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
		Channel channel = ctx.channel();
		//如果该链接断了，那么netty会自动将这个channel移除出channelGroup
		channelGroup.writeAndFlush("[服务器]-"+channel.remoteAddress()+"离开\n");
		System.out.println(channelGroup.size());
	}
	
	@Override //活动状态
	public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
		Channel channel = ctx.channel();
		System.out.println(channel.remoteAddress() +"-已经上线了");
	}
	
	@Override
	public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
		Channel channel = ctx.channel();
		System.out.println(channel.remoteAddress()+"-已经下线了");
	}
	
	@Override
	public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
			throws Exception {
		cause.printStackTrace();
		ctx.close();
	}
}

 

客户端的实现：

MyChatClientServer.java

public class MyChatClientServer {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		
		EventLoopGroup eventGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
		try{
			Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
			bootstrap.group(eventGroup).channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
			.handler(new MyChatClientInitializer());
			Channel channel = bootstrap.connect("localhost",8899).sync().channel();
			//读取控制台输入的内容
			BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
			//死循环，等待键盘输入
			for(;;){
				channel.writeAndFlush(br.readLine()+"\r\n");
			}
		}finally{
			eventGroup.shutdownGracefully(); 
		}
	}
}

MyChatClientInitializer.java

public class MyChatClientInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
	
	protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
		
		ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
		pipeline.addLast(new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(4096,Delimiters.lineDelimiter()));
		pipeline.addLast(new StringDecoder(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
		pipeline.addLast(new StringEncoder(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
		pipeline.addLast(new MyChatClientHandler());
	};
}

MyChatClientHandler.java

public class MyChatClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> {
	@Override
	protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String msg)
			throws Exception {
		System.out.println(msg);
	}
}