Kafka发送自定义消息（自定义类）

前言

在学习Kafka的过程中，我想实现秒杀和下单功能，其中下单使用消息队列

相关代码

Order类

@Data
@Setter
@Getter
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Order {
    Long id;
    Long user_id;
    String user_name;
    String phone;

}

测试方法：

public void test_func(Long id){

        RLock rLock = redissonClient.getLock("test_"+ id);

        try {
            rLock.lock(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            String res = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get("test_seckill_count");
            int count = Integer.parseInt(res);
            if(count<=0){}
            else{
                count--;
                stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().increment("test_seckill_count",-1);
                Order order = new Order();
                order.setUser_id(id);
//                前端传参
//                order.setUser_name();
//                order.setPhone();
                kafkaTemplate.send("test_order",order);
            }
        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            rLock.unlock();
        }


    }

消费者：

@KafkaListener(topics = "test_order",groupId = "group_test")
    public Result createOrder(Order order){
//        save(order);//Mybatis-plus
        System.out.println(order);//测试用例直接输出
        return Result.ok("success");
    }

问题

但是在发送消息时出现了如下错误

Cannot convert from [com.kafkatest.kafkatest.entity.Order] to [java.lang.Long] for GenericMessage [payload=Order(id=null, user_id=1, user_name=null, phone=null), headers={kafka_offset=29, kafka_consumer=org.springframework.kafka.core.DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory$ExtendedKafkaConsumer@6bcd609, kafka_timestampType=CREATE_TIME, kafka_receivedPartitionId=0, kafka_receivedTopic=test_order, kafka_receivedTimestamp=1720598058294, kafka_groupId=group_test}]

或者其他的错误，主要就是can not convert from xxx to xxx

解决方法：

因为我是用yml配置的Kafka，所以我仅提供yml的解决方法

spring:
  redisson:
    config: classpath:redisson.yaml
  application:
    name: kafkaTest
  kafka:
    bootstrap-servers: localhost:9092
    producer:
      key-serializer: org.springframework.kafka.support.serializer.JsonSerializer//加入序列化器
      value-serializer: org.springframework.kafka.support.serializer.JsonSerializer//加入序列化器
    consumer:
      group-id: group_test
      key-deserializer: org.springframework.kafka.support.serializer.ErrorHandlingDeserializer//注意，如果不配置此项可能会报因为错误找不到ErrorHandling...的错
      value-deserializer: org.springframework.kafka.support.serializer.ErrorHandlingDeserializer
      properties:
          spring.deserializer.key.delegate.class: org.springframework.kafka.support.serializer.JsonDeserializer//加反序列化器
          spring.deserializer.value.delegate.class: org.springframework.kafka.support.serializer.JsonDeserializer//加反序列化器
          spring.json.trusted.packages: com.kafkatest.kafkatest.entity

如果使用Producer和Consumer来发送消息则需要在props中put相应的key、value serializer和deserializer，以下来自Apache Kafka 简单生产者示例_w3cschool，代码示例如下

         //new一个properties
         Properties props = new Properties();
         //添加kafka地址
         props.put("bootstrap.servers", "localhost:9092");
         //设置有无返回ack（可选） 
         props.put("acks", "all");
         //设置是否在消息发送失败后自动重试（可选）默认0
         props.put("retries", 0);
         //关键
         props.put("key.serializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer");
         props.put("value.serializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer");
 
         Producer<String, String> producer = new KafkaProducer<String, String>(props);

props.put("bootstrap.servers", "localhost:9092");
          props.put("group.id", "test");
          props.put("enable.auto.commit", "true");
          props.put("auto.commit.interval.ms", "1000");
          props.put("session.timeout.ms", "30000");
          //关键
          props.put("key.deserializer",
             "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
          props.put("value.deserializer",
             "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
          @SuppressWarnings("resource")
        KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer = new KafkaConsumer<String, String>(props);

演示输出