十 一、C语言创建桌面程序：单选按钮、复选框和分组框控件

一、创建按钮

单选按钮和复选框都是一种特殊的按钮，窗口类名称都是button，只不过增加了一些特殊的窗口样式罢了。单选按钮的样式为BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON，复选框的样式为BS_AUTOCHECKBOX。例如：

//创建一个单选按钮
CreateWindow(
    TEXT("button"), TEXT("单选按钮"),
    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON/*单选按钮*/,
    235, 40, 100, 26,
    hWnd, (HMENU)7, hInst, NULL
);
//创建一个复选框
CreateWindow(
    TEXT("button"), TEXT("复选框"),
    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX/*复选框*/,
    95, 70, 50, 26,
    hWnd, (HMENU)9, hInst, NULL
);

单选按钮一般是分组的，一组单选按钮之间是互斥的，只能选择其中一个。一个窗口可以包含多组单选按钮。
要想为单选按钮分组，可以增加WS_GROUP样式。设置了 WS_GROUP 样式的单选框为一组中的首元素，随后的所有单选按钮都和它在同一组，直到下一个设置了 WS_GROUP 样式的单选按钮。

示例

//窗口过程
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    HDC hdc;
    static HFONT hFont;  //逻辑字体
    //一组单选按钮
    static HWND labSex;  //静态文本框--性别
    static HWND radioMale;  //单选按钮--男
    static HWND radioFemale;  //单选按钮--女
    //一组单选按钮
    static HWND labMarriage;  //静态文本框--婚姻状况
    static HWND radioMarried;  //单选按钮--已婚
    static HWND radioSingle;  //单选按钮--未婚
    static HWND radioSecrecy;  //单选按钮--保密
    //一组复选框
    static HWND labPet;  //静态文本框--你的宠物
    static HWND checkboxDog;  //复选框--狗
    static HWND checkboxCat;  //复选框--猫
    static HWND checkboxFish;  //复选框--鱼
    static HWND checkboxOther;  //复选框--其他
    switch (message){
        case  WM_CREATE:
            hFont = CreateFont(
                -14, -7, 0, 0, 400,
                FALSE, FALSE, FALSE,DEFAULT_CHARSET,
                OUT_CHARACTER_PRECIS, CLIP_CHARACTER_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY,
                FF_DONTCARE, TEXT("微软雅黑")
            );
            //选择性别
            labSex = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("static"), TEXT("你的性别："),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT/*文字居右*/,
                10, 10, 80, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)1, hInst, NULL
            );
            radioMale = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("button"), TEXT("男"),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT/*文字居左*/ | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON /*单选按钮*/ | WS_GROUP,
                95, 10, 50, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
            );
            radioFemale = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("button"), TEXT("女"),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
                150, 10, 50, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
            );
            //选择婚姻状况
            labMarriage = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("static"), TEXT("婚姻状况："),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT,
                10, 40, 80, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)4, hInst, NULL
            );
            radioMarried = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("button"), TEXT("已婚"),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON | WS_GROUP,
                95, 40, 65, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)5, hInst, NULL
            );
            radioSingle = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("button"), TEXT("未婚"),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
                165, 40, 65, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)6, hInst, NULL
            );
            radioSecrecy = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("button"), TEXT("保密"),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
                235, 40, 100, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)7, hInst, NULL
            );
            //你的宠物
            labPet = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("static"), TEXT("你的宠物："),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT,
                10, 70, 80, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)8, hInst, NULL
            );
           
            checkboxDog = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("button"), TEXT("狗"),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX/*复选框*/,
                95, 70, 50, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)9, hInst, NULL
            );
            checkboxCat = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("button"), TEXT("猫"),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
                150, 70, 50, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)10, hInst, NULL
            );
            checkboxFish = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("button"), TEXT("鱼"),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
                205, 70, 50, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)11, hInst, NULL
            );
            checkboxOther = CreateWindow(
                TEXT("button"), TEXT("其他"),
                WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
                260, 70, 65, 26,
                hWnd, (HMENU)11, hInst, NULL
            );
            SendMessage(labSex, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(radioMale, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(radioFemale, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(labMarriage, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(radioMarried, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(radioSingle, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(radioSecrecy, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(labPet, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(checkboxDog, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(checkboxCat, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(checkboxFish, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(checkboxOther, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            break;
        case WM_PAINT:
            hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
            // TODO:  在此添加任意绘图代码...
            EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
            break;
        case WM_DESTROY:
            PostQuitMessage(0);
            break;
        default:
            return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

二、分组框控件

使用分组框控件（GroupBox）可以对单选按钮、复选框进行更好的分组

分组框控件也是一种特殊的按钮，它的样式为BS_GROUPBOX(需要注意的是：单选按钮的父窗口为分组框控件 hGroupSex，而不是顶级窗口 hWnd。)，例如：

//创建分组框控件
hGroupSex = CreateWindow(
    TEXT("button"), TEXT("你的性别"),
    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_GROUPBOX,
    20, 20, 300, 70,
    hWnd, (HMENU)1, hInst, NULL
);
//接下来添加单选按钮
hRadioMale = CreateWindow(
    TEXT("button"), TEXT("男"),
    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON /*单选按钮*/,
    15, 30, 50, 26,
    hGroupSex /*父窗口为 GroupBox 控件*/, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
);
hRadioFemale = CreateWindow(
    TEXT("button"), TEXT("女"),
    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
    80, 30, 50, 26,
    hGroupSex, (HMENU)3, hInst, NULL
);

三、判断单选按钮和复选框是否被选中

在Windows中不能一次性获得一组按钮的选中状态，只能一个一个地遍历。复选框也是如此。
可以通过SendMessage函数发送BM_GETCHECK消息来获取按钮的选中状态，返回 BST_CHECKED 表示按钮被选中，返回 BST_UNCHECKED 是未被选中。

SendMessage 原型为：

// 发送 BM_GETCHECK 消息时，wParam 和 lParam 两个参数必须都为 0。
LRESULT WINAPI SendMessage(
    HWND   hWnd,  //窗口（控件）句柄
    UINT   Msg,  //消息类型
    WPARAM wParam,  //附加消息1
    LPARAM lParam  //附加消息2
);

下面的代码会判断一个按钮是否被选中。如果被选中，那么会获取按钮文本并保存到缓冲区：

if( SendMessage(hCheckBox, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED ){
    GetWindowText(hCheckBox, szBuffer,  10);
}

示例代码

#include <windows.h>

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

HINSTANCE hInst;

int WINAPI WinMain(
        HINSTANCE hInstance,
        HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
        PSTR szCmdLine,
        int iCmdShow
){
    static TCHAR szClassName[] = TEXT("Win32Demo");
    HWND     hwnd;
    MSG      msg;
    WNDCLASS wndclass;

    hInst = hInstance;

    wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wndclass.lpfnWndProc  = WndProc;
    wndclass.cbClsExtra   = 0;
    wndclass.cbWndExtra   = 0;
    wndclass.hInstance    = hInstance;
    wndclass.hIcon        = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    wndclass.hCursor      = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wndclass.hbrBackground= (HBRUSH) GetSysColorBrush(COLOR_BTNFACE);
    wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ;
    wndclass.lpszClassName= szClassName;

    RegisterClass(&wndclass);

    hwnd = CreateWindow(
            szClassName,
            TEXT("Welcome"),
            WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            CW_USEDEFAULT,
            CW_USEDEFAULT,
            800,
            500,
            NULL,
            NULL,
            hInstance,
            NULL
    );

    //��ʾ����
    ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow);

    UpdateWindow (hwnd);

    while( GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0) ){
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage (&msg);
    }

    return msg.wParam;
}


LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){
    int wmId, wmEvent;
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    HDC hdc;

    static TCHAR szBufSex[10];
    static TCHAR szBufMarriage[10];
    static TCHAR szBufPet[20];
    static TCHAR szBufSubmit[100];
    static TCHAR szBufTmp[10];

    static HFONT hFont;

    static HWND labSex;
    static HWND radioMale;
    static HWND radioFemale;

    static HWND labMarriage;
    static HWND radioMarried;
    static HWND radioSingle;
    static HWND radioSecrecy;


    static HWND labPet;
    static HWND checkboxDog;
    static HWND checkboxCat;
    static HWND checkboxFish;
    static HWND checkboxOther;

    static HWND btnSubmit;

    switch (message){
        case  WM_CREATE:
            hFont = CreateFont(
                    -14, -7, 0, 0, 400,
                    FALSE, FALSE, FALSE,DEFAULT_CHARSET,
                    OUT_CHARACTER_PRECIS, CLIP_CHARACTER_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY,
                    FF_DONTCARE, TEXT("xxx")
            );

            //ѡ���Ա�
            labSex = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("static"), TEXT("你的性别："),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT,
                    10, 10, 80, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)1, hInst, NULL
            );

            radioMale = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("button"), TEXT("男"),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT| BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON  | WS_GROUP,
                    95, 10, 50, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
            );

            radioFemale = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("button"), TEXT("女"),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
                    150, 10, 50, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
            );

            //ѡ�����״��
            labMarriage = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("static"), TEXT("婚姻状况："),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT,
                    10, 40, 80, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)4, hInst, NULL
            );

            radioMarried = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("button"), TEXT("已婚"),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON | WS_GROUP,
                    95, 40, 65, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)5, hInst, NULL
            );

            radioSingle = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("button"), TEXT("未婚"),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
                    165, 40, 65, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)6, hInst, NULL
            );

            radioSecrecy = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("button"), TEXT("保密"),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
                    235, 40, 100, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)7, hInst, NULL
            );

            labPet = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("static"), TEXT("你的宠物:"),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT,
                    10, 70, 80, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)8, hInst, NULL
            );

            checkboxDog = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("button"), TEXT("狗"),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
                    95, 70, 50, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)9, hInst, NULL
            );

            checkboxCat = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("button"), TEXT("猫"),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
                    150, 70, 50, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)10, hInst, NULL
            );

            checkboxFish = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("button"), TEXT("鼠"),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
                    205, 70, 50, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)11, hInst, NULL
            );
            checkboxOther = CreateWindow(
                    TEXT("button"), TEXT("其他"),
                    WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
                    260, 70, 65, 26,
                    hWnd, (HMENU)12, hInst, NULL
            );

            btnSubmit = CreateWindow(TEXT("button"), TEXT("提交"),
                                     WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER | BS_FLAT,
                                     95, 110, 200, 36,
                                     hWnd, (HMENU)13, hInst, NULL
            );

            SendMessage(labSex, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(radioMale, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(radioFemale, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);

            SendMessage(labMarriage, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(radioMarried, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(radioSingle, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(radioSecrecy, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);

            SendMessage(labPet, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(checkboxDog, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(checkboxCat, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(checkboxFish, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
            SendMessage(checkboxOther, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);

            SendMessage(btnSubmit, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);

            break;

        case WM_COMMAND:
            wmId    = LOWORD(wParam);
            wmEvent = HIWORD(wParam);
            if( wmEvent==  BN_CLICKED){
                switch (wmId){
                    case 2:
                    case 3:
                        GetWindowText((HWND)lParam, szBufSex, 10);
                        break;

                    case 5:
                    case 6:
                    case 7:
                        GetWindowText((HWND)lParam, szBufMarriage, 10);
                        break;
                    case 9:
                    case 10:
                    case 11:
                    case 12:
                        memset(szBufPet, 0, sizeof(szBufPet));
                        if( SendMessage(checkboxDog, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED ){
                            GetWindowText(checkboxDog, szBufTmp,  10);
                            wsprintf(szBufPet, TEXT("%s  %s"), szBufPet, szBufTmp);
                        }
                        if( SendMessage(checkboxCat, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED ){
                            GetWindowText(checkboxCat, szBufTmp, 10);
                            wsprintf(szBufPet, TEXT("%s  %s"), szBufPet, szBufTmp);
                        }
                        //�Ƿ�ѡ����
                        if( SendMessage(checkboxFish, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED ){
                            GetWindowText(checkboxFish, szBufTmp, 10);
                            wsprintf(szBufPet, TEXT("%s  %s"), szBufPet, szBufTmp);
                        }
                        //�Ƿ�ѡ������
                        if( SendMessage(checkboxOther, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED ){
                            GetWindowText(checkboxOther, szBufTmp, 10);
                            wsprintf(szBufPet, TEXT("%s  %s"), szBufPet, szBufTmp);
                        }
                        break;

                    case 13:
                        wsprintf(szBufSubmit, TEXT("你的性别：%s\n婚姻状况：%s\r\n你的宠物：%s"), szBufSex, szBufMarriage, szBufPet);
                        MessageBox(hWnd, szBufSubmit, TEXT("信息提示"), MB_ICONINFORMATION);
                        break;

                    default:
                        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
                }
            }
            return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);

        case WM_DESTROY:
            DeleteObject(hFont);
            PostQuitMessage(0);
            break;
        default:
            return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}