一、创建按钮
单选按钮和复选框都是一种特殊的按钮,窗口类名称都是button,只不过增加了一些特殊的窗口样式罢了。单选按钮的样式为BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,复选框的样式为BS_AUTOCHECKBOX。例如:
//创建一个单选按钮
CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("单选按钮"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON/*单选按钮*/,
235, 40, 100, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)7, hInst, NULL
);
//创建一个复选框
CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("复选框"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX/*复选框*/,
95, 70, 50, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)9, hInst, NULL
);
单选按钮一般是分组的,一组单选按钮之间是互斥的,只能选择其中一个。一个窗口可以包含多组单选按钮。
要想为单选按钮分组,可以增加WS_GROUP样式。设置了 WS_GROUP 样式的单选框为一组中的首元素,随后的所有单选按钮都和它在同一组,直到下一个设置了 WS_GROUP 样式的单选按钮。
示例
//窗口过程
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc;
static HFONT hFont; //逻辑字体
//一组单选按钮
static HWND labSex; //静态文本框--性别
static HWND radioMale; //单选按钮--男
static HWND radioFemale; //单选按钮--女
//一组单选按钮
static HWND labMarriage; //静态文本框--婚姻状况
static HWND radioMarried; //单选按钮--已婚
static HWND radioSingle; //单选按钮--未婚
static HWND radioSecrecy; //单选按钮--保密
//一组复选框
static HWND labPet; //静态文本框--你的宠物
static HWND checkboxDog; //复选框--狗
static HWND checkboxCat; //复选框--猫
static HWND checkboxFish; //复选框--鱼
static HWND checkboxOther; //复选框--其他
switch (message){
case WM_CREATE:
hFont = CreateFont(
-14, -7, 0, 0, 400,
FALSE, FALSE, FALSE,DEFAULT_CHARSET,
OUT_CHARACTER_PRECIS, CLIP_CHARACTER_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY,
FF_DONTCARE, TEXT("微软雅黑")
);
//选择性别
labSex = CreateWindow(
TEXT("static"), TEXT("你的性别:"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT/*文字居右*/,
10, 10, 80, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)1, hInst, NULL
);
radioMale = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("男"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT/*文字居左*/ | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON /*单选按钮*/ | WS_GROUP,
95, 10, 50, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
);
radioFemale = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("女"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
150, 10, 50, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
);
//选择婚姻状况
labMarriage = CreateWindow(
TEXT("static"), TEXT("婚姻状况:"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT,
10, 40, 80, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)4, hInst, NULL
);
radioMarried = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("已婚"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON | WS_GROUP,
95, 40, 65, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)5, hInst, NULL
);
radioSingle = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("未婚"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
165, 40, 65, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)6, hInst, NULL
);
radioSecrecy = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("保密"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
235, 40, 100, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)7, hInst, NULL
);
//你的宠物
labPet = CreateWindow(
TEXT("static"), TEXT("你的宠物:"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT,
10, 70, 80, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)8, hInst, NULL
);
checkboxDog = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("狗"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX/*复选框*/,
95, 70, 50, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)9, hInst, NULL
);
checkboxCat = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("猫"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
150, 70, 50, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)10, hInst, NULL
);
checkboxFish = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("鱼"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
205, 70, 50, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)11, hInst, NULL
);
checkboxOther = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("其他"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
260, 70, 65, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)11, hInst, NULL
);
SendMessage(labSex, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(radioMale, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(radioFemale, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(labMarriage, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(radioMarried, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(radioSingle, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(radioSecrecy, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(labPet, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(checkboxDog, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(checkboxCat, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(checkboxFish, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(checkboxOther, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
break;
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
// TODO: 在此添加任意绘图代码...
EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
二、分组框控件
使用分组框控件(GroupBox)可以对单选按钮、复选框进行更好的分组
分组框控件也是一种特殊的按钮,它的样式为BS_GROUPBOX(需要注意的是:单选按钮的父窗口为分组框控件 hGroupSex,而不是顶级窗口 hWnd。),例如:
//创建分组框控件
hGroupSex = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("你的性别"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_GROUPBOX,
20, 20, 300, 70,
hWnd, (HMENU)1, hInst, NULL
);
//接下来添加单选按钮
hRadioMale = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("男"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON /*单选按钮*/,
15, 30, 50, 26,
hGroupSex /*父窗口为 GroupBox 控件*/, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
);
hRadioFemale = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("女"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
80, 30, 50, 26,
hGroupSex, (HMENU)3, hInst, NULL
);
三、判断单选按钮和复选框是否被选中
在Windows中不能一次性获得一组按钮的选中状态,只能一个一个地遍历。复选框也是如此。
可以通过SendMessage函数发送BM_GETCHECK消息来获取按钮的选中状态,返回 BST_CHECKED 表示按钮被选中,返回 BST_UNCHECKED 是未被选中。
SendMessage 原型为:
// 发送 BM_GETCHECK 消息时,wParam 和 lParam 两个参数必须都为 0。
LRESULT WINAPI SendMessage(
HWND hWnd, //窗口(控件)句柄
UINT Msg, //消息类型
WPARAM wParam, //附加消息1
LPARAM lParam //附加消息2
);
下面的代码会判断一个按钮是否被选中。如果被选中,那么会获取按钮文本并保存到缓冲区:
if( SendMessage(hCheckBox, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED ){
GetWindowText(hCheckBox, szBuffer, 10);
}
示例代码
#include <windows.h>
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
HINSTANCE hInst;
int WINAPI WinMain(
HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine,
int iCmdShow
){
static TCHAR szClassName[] = TEXT("Win32Demo");
HWND hwnd;
MSG msg;
WNDCLASS wndclass;
hInst = hInstance;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wndclass.hbrBackground= (HBRUSH) GetSysColorBrush(COLOR_BTNFACE);
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ;
wndclass.lpszClassName= szClassName;
RegisterClass(&wndclass);
hwnd = CreateWindow(
szClassName,
TEXT("Welcome"),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
800,
500,
NULL,
NULL,
hInstance,
NULL
);
//��ʾ����
ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow);
UpdateWindow (hwnd);
while( GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0) ){
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage (&msg);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){
int wmId, wmEvent;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc;
static TCHAR szBufSex[10];
static TCHAR szBufMarriage[10];
static TCHAR szBufPet[20];
static TCHAR szBufSubmit[100];
static TCHAR szBufTmp[10];
static HFONT hFont;
static HWND labSex;
static HWND radioMale;
static HWND radioFemale;
static HWND labMarriage;
static HWND radioMarried;
static HWND radioSingle;
static HWND radioSecrecy;
static HWND labPet;
static HWND checkboxDog;
static HWND checkboxCat;
static HWND checkboxFish;
static HWND checkboxOther;
static HWND btnSubmit;
switch (message){
case WM_CREATE:
hFont = CreateFont(
-14, -7, 0, 0, 400,
FALSE, FALSE, FALSE,DEFAULT_CHARSET,
OUT_CHARACTER_PRECIS, CLIP_CHARACTER_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY,
FF_DONTCARE, TEXT("xxx")
);
//ѡ���Ա�
labSex = CreateWindow(
TEXT("static"), TEXT("你的性别:"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT,
10, 10, 80, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)1, hInst, NULL
);
radioMale = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("男"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT| BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON | WS_GROUP,
95, 10, 50, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
);
radioFemale = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("女"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
150, 10, 50, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
);
//ѡ�����״��
labMarriage = CreateWindow(
TEXT("static"), TEXT("婚姻状况:"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT,
10, 40, 80, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)4, hInst, NULL
);
radioMarried = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("已婚"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON | WS_GROUP,
95, 40, 65, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)5, hInst, NULL
);
radioSingle = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("未婚"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
165, 40, 65, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)6, hInst, NULL
);
radioSecrecy = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("保密"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
235, 40, 100, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)7, hInst, NULL
);
labPet = CreateWindow(
TEXT("static"), TEXT("你的宠物:"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT,
10, 70, 80, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)8, hInst, NULL
);
checkboxDog = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("狗"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
95, 70, 50, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)9, hInst, NULL
);
checkboxCat = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("猫"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
150, 70, 50, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)10, hInst, NULL
);
checkboxFish = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("鼠"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
205, 70, 50, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)11, hInst, NULL
);
checkboxOther = CreateWindow(
TEXT("button"), TEXT("其他"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
260, 70, 65, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)12, hInst, NULL
);
btnSubmit = CreateWindow(TEXT("button"), TEXT("提交"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER | BS_FLAT,
95, 110, 200, 36,
hWnd, (HMENU)13, hInst, NULL
);
SendMessage(labSex, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(radioMale, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(radioFemale, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(labMarriage, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(radioMarried, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(radioSingle, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(radioSecrecy, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(labPet, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(checkboxDog, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(checkboxCat, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(checkboxFish, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(checkboxOther, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(btnSubmit, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
break;
case WM_COMMAND:
wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
wmEvent = HIWORD(wParam);
if( wmEvent== BN_CLICKED){
switch (wmId){
case 2:
case 3:
GetWindowText((HWND)lParam, szBufSex, 10);
break;
case 5:
case 6:
case 7:
GetWindowText((HWND)lParam, szBufMarriage, 10);
break;
case 9:
case 10:
case 11:
case 12:
memset(szBufPet, 0, sizeof(szBufPet));
if( SendMessage(checkboxDog, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED ){
GetWindowText(checkboxDog, szBufTmp, 10);
wsprintf(szBufPet, TEXT("%s %s"), szBufPet, szBufTmp);
}
if( SendMessage(checkboxCat, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED ){
GetWindowText(checkboxCat, szBufTmp, 10);
wsprintf(szBufPet, TEXT("%s %s"), szBufPet, szBufTmp);
}
//�Ƿ�ѡ����
if( SendMessage(checkboxFish, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED ){
GetWindowText(checkboxFish, szBufTmp, 10);
wsprintf(szBufPet, TEXT("%s %s"), szBufPet, szBufTmp);
}
//�Ƿ�ѡ������
if( SendMessage(checkboxOther, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED ){
GetWindowText(checkboxOther, szBufTmp, 10);
wsprintf(szBufPet, TEXT("%s %s"), szBufPet, szBufTmp);
}
break;
case 13:
wsprintf(szBufSubmit, TEXT("你的性别:%s\n婚姻状况:%s\r\n你的宠物:%s"), szBufSex, szBufMarriage, szBufPet);
MessageBox(hWnd, szBufSubmit, TEXT("信息提示"), MB_ICONINFORMATION);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
}
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
case WM_DESTROY:
DeleteObject(hFont);
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}