Spring MVC 相关概念

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-16 15:15:59 发布

枯木生花

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-16 15:15:59 发布

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分类专栏： Spring MVC

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_28007533/article/details/50994718

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MVC是什么？ Model（实体类） View（视图呈现） ConTroller（控制层）

前端控制器的概念：

用户请求到达前端控制器，前端控制器再将其发给ConTroller，ConTroller经过逻辑处理后再讲信息返回给前端控制器，前端控制器再发给视图曾View。

简单而言：前端控制器：分发调度；ConTroller：业务数据抽取；View：视图呈现。

DispatchServlet：前端控制器

ConTroller：调用业务逻辑生成model

HandleAdapter：DispatchServlet 通过HandleAdapter知道ConTroller

HandlerMapping：告诉DispatchServlet获取正确的ConTroller

ModelandView：model的具体表现

ViewResolver：告诉DispatchServlet获取正确的View

通常我们用maven搭建Spring MVC开发的环境

pom：核心xml（配置Dependency即依赖关系）

下面用SpringMVC来写一个最简单的例子。

1.下载jar包，并导入到新建的项目中去。

2.配置web.xml（SpringMVC本质还是基于Servlet，这跟Struts2基于过滤器是不同的）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>MySpringMVC</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

3.创建springmvc的配置文件，规则：【servlet-name】-servlet.xml   即SpringMVC-servlet.xml

这里主要配置 HandlerMapping（根据beanname找到对应的conntroller）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http:/www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping" />
</beans>

4.创建所需要的jsp页面，请求页面我们用hello.jsp 接收页面我们用index.jsp

hello.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="hello.do" method="post">
hello:<input type="text" name="hello"/>
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>${helloworld }</h1>
</body>
</html>

5.创建conntroller

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractController;

public class HelloController extends AbstractController {

    @Override
    protected ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        String hello=request.getParameter("hello");
        ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView("index");
        mav.addObject("helloworld", "hello" + hello);
        return mav;
    }

}
6.在SpringMVC-servlet.xml里配置视图解析器和controller

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http:/www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping">
    </bean>
    <bean name="/hello.do" class="HelloController">
    </bean>
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/view/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

前缀为目录，后缀为后缀名