leetcode刷题-SQL

No178 分数排名

编写一个 SQL 查询来实现分数排名。如果两个分数相同，则两个分数排名（Rank）相同。请注意，平分后的下一个名次应该是下一个连续的整数值。换句话说，名次之间不应该有“间隔”。

+----+-------+
| Id | Score |
+----+-------+
| 1  | 3.50  |
| 2  | 3.65  |
| 3  | 4.00  |
| 4  | 3.85  |
| 5  | 4.00  |
| 6  | 3.65  |
+----+-------+

例如，根据上述给定的 Scores 表，你的查询应该返回（按分数从高到低排列）：

+-------+------+
| Score | Rank |
+-------+------+
| 4.00  | 1    |
| 4.00  | 1    |
| 3.85  | 2    |
| 3.65  | 3    |
| 3.65  | 3    |
| 3.50  | 4    |
+-------+------+

思路：查出来有多少个比当前分数高的分数即可（去重加一）
答案：

select 
Score,
(select count(distinct Score)+1 from Scores where Score>s.Score) as Rank
 from Scores s 
 order by Score desc; 

---

No180 至少出现三次的数字

编写一个 SQL 查询，查找所有至少连续出现三次的数字。

+----+-----+
| Id | Num |
+----+-----+
| 1  |  1  |
| 2  |  1  |
| 3  |  1  |
| 4  |  2  |
| 5  |  1  |
| 6  |  2  |
| 7  |  2  |
+----+-----+

例如，给定上面的 Logs 表， 1 是唯一连续出现至少三次的数字。

+-----------------+
| ConsecutiveNums |
+-----------------+
| 1               |
+-----------------+

思路：联表
答案1：

select distinct(l1.Num) as ConsecutiveNums 
from 
Logs l1,Logs l2,Logs l3 
where l1.Id+1=l2.Id and l2.Id+1=l3.Id and l1.Num=l2.Num and l2.Num=l3.Num;

答案2:

select distinct(l1.Num) as ConsecutiveNums 
from 
Logs l1 left join Logs l2 on l1.Id+1=l2.Id left join Logs l3 on l1.Id+2=l3.Id
where l1.Num=l2.Num and l2.Num=l3.Num;

No177 第N高的薪水

编写一个 SQL 查询，获取 Employee 表中第 n 高的薪水（Salary）。

+----+--------+
| Id | Salary |
+----+--------+
| 1  | 100    |
| 2  | 200    |
| 3  | 300    |
+----+--------+

例如上述 Employee 表，n = 2 时，应返回第二高的薪水 200。如果不存在第 n 高的薪水，那么查询应返回 null

+------------------------+
| getNthHighestSalary(2) |
+------------------------+
| 200                    |
+------------------------+

• 解法1:
  • 思路：查询每个薪水对应的排名，找到排名=N的薪水

CREATE FUNCTION getNthHighestSalary(N INT) RETURNS INT
BEGIN
 RETURN (
     # Write your MySQL query statement below.
     select Salary from Employee e where (select count(distinct Salary)+1  from Employee where Salary>e.Salary)=N limit 1
 );
END

• 解法2
  • 思路：按Salary排序找到排第N的薪水

CREATE FUNCTION getNthHighestSalary(N INT) RETURNS INT
BEGIN
 RETURN (
     # Write your MySQL query statement below.
     select (IF((select count(distinct Salary) from Employee)>=N and N>0,(select min(Salary) from (select distinct Salary from Employee order by Salary desc limit N) e),NULL))
 );
END

No184. 部门工资最高的员工

Employee 表包含所有员工信息，每个员工有其对应的 Id, salary 和 department Id。

+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name  | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1  | Joe   | 70000  | 1            |
| 2  | Henry | 80000  | 2            |
| 3  | Sam   | 60000  | 2            |
| 4  | Max   | 90000  | 1            |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+

Department 表包含公司所有部门的信息。

+----+----------+
| Id | Name     |
+----+----------+
| 1  | IT       |
| 2  | Sales    |
+----+----------+

编写一个 SQL 查询，找出每个部门工资最高的员工。例如，根据上述给定的表格，Max 在 IT 部门有最高工资，Henry 在 Sales 部门有最高工资。

+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Max      | 90000  |
| Sales      | Henry    | 80000  |
+------------+----------+--------+

解法：

# 1.  联表Employee，Department 筛选出Salary最高的Employee
select 
d.Name as Department,e.Name as Employee,e.Salary as Salary 
from 
Employee e,Department d 
where 
e.DepartmentId=d.Id 
and 
(e.Salary,e.DepartmentId) in (select max(Salary),DepartmentId from Employee group by DepartmentId);
# 2. 联表Employee，Department，临时表（DepartmentId，max(Salary)）
select 
d.Name as Department,e.Name as Employee,e.Salary as Salary 
from Employee e,(select max(Salary) as Salary,DepartmentId from Employee group by DepartmentId) as t1,Department d where e.DepartmentId=t1.DepartmentId and  e.Salary=t1.Salary and e.DepartmentId=d.Id;

262. 行程和用户

Trips 表中存所有出租车的行程信息。每段行程有唯一键 Id，Client_Id 和 Driver_Id 是 Users 表中 Users_Id 的外键。Status 是枚举类型，枚举成员为 (‘completed’, ‘cancelled_by_driver’, ‘cancelled_by_client’)。

+----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+
| Id | Client_Id | Driver_Id | City_Id |        Status      |Request_at|
+----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+
| 1  |     1     |    10     |    1    |     completed      |2013-10-01|
| 2  |     2     |    11     |    1    | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-01|
| 3  |     3     |    12     |    6    |     completed      |2013-10-01|
| 4  |     4     |    13     |    6    | cancelled_by_client|2013-10-01|
| 5  |     1     |    10     |    1    |     completed      |2013-10-02|
| 6  |     2     |    11     |    6    |     completed      |2013-10-02|
| 7  |     3     |    12     |    6    |     completed      |2013-10-02|
| 8  |     2     |    12     |    12   |     completed      |2013-10-03|
| 9  |     3     |    10     |    12   |     completed      |2013-10-03| 
| 10 |     4     |    13     |    12   | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-03|
+----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+

Users 表存所有用户。每个用户有唯一键 Users_Id。Banned 表示这个用户是否被禁止，Role 则是一个表示（‘client’, ‘driver’, ‘partner’）的枚举类型。

+----------+--------+--------+
| Users_Id | Banned |  Role  |
+----------+--------+--------+
|    1     |   No   | client |
|    2     |   Yes  | client |
|    3     |   No   | client |
|    4     |   No   | client |
|    10    |   No   | driver |
|    11    |   No   | driver |
|    12    |   No   | driver |
|    13    |   No   | driver |
+----------+--------+--------+

写一段 SQL 语句查出 2013年10月1日 至 2013年10月3日 期间非禁止用户的取消率。基于上表，你的 SQL 语句应返回如下结果，取消率（Cancellation Rate）保留两位小数。

取消率的计算方式如下：(被司机或乘客取消的非禁止用户生成的订单数量) / (非禁止用户生成的订单总数)

+------------+-------------------+
|     Day    | Cancellation Rate |
+------------+-------------------+
| 2013-10-01 |       0.33        |
| 2013-10-02 |       0.00        |
| 2013-10-03 |       0.50        |
+------------+-------------------+

解法：联表统计

select 
    t.Request_at as Day,
    round(sum(if(t.Status='completed',0,1))/count(t.Status),2) as 'Cancellation Rate' 
from 
    Trips t left join Users u1 on t.Client_Id=u1.Users_Id 
    left join Users u2 on t.Driver_Id=u2.Users_Id 
where 
    t.Request_at>='2013-10-01' 
    and 
    t.Request_at<='2013-10-03' 
    and 
    u1.Banned='No' 
    and 
    u2.Banned='No' 
group by t.Request_at;