Rocky系统二进制文件安装mysql

系统版本

[yyq@rocky ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release 
Rocky Linux release 9.5 (Blue Onyx)

第一步：创建组和用户

[root@rocky ~]# groupadd -r mysql
[root@rocky ~]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql

第二步：下载包

[root@rocky ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

#注意，有很多网站不维护了，需要自己找一下。可以在阿里云仓库搜索。

第三步：解压到指定目录

[root@rocky ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

第四步：修改目录名称

[root@rocky ~]#cd /usr/local/
[root@rocky ~]#mv mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

第五步：增加环境变量

[root@rocky local]# echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

#使配置文件生效

[root@rocky local]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

第六步：创建主配置文件

[root@rocky local]# cat  /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
skip_name_resolve=1
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.log
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
[client]
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock

第七步：创建数据目录

[root@rocky local]# mkdir -pv /data/mysql

第八步：初始化数据，生成随机密码

[root@rocky local]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysq

#注意：上面配置了环境变量，所以这里在任意位置使用mysqld命令，如果没有配置环境变量，就需要到/usr/local/mysql/bin下执行

第九步：查看初始化密码

[root@rocky local]# grep password /data/mysql/mysql.log
2025-01-14T08:18:02.918779Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: YTpUalgHq8;d

第十步：创建 MySQL 系统服务文件

#使用systemctl 管理mysql服务

[root@rocky system]# tee /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid --user=mysql
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown
User=mysql
Group=mysql
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid --user=mysql
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP 
ExecStop=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown
User=mysql
Group=mysql
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

#重新加载 systemd 配置

[root@rocky system]# systemctl daemon-reload

第十一步：启动mysql

#设置开机自启

[root@rocky system]# systemctl enable mysql

#启用 MySQL 服务

[root@rocky system]# systemctl start mysql

第十二步：测试连接

[root@rocky system]# mysql -uroot -p'YTpUalgHq8;d'
mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

发现报错了，于是查询系统是否有libncurses.so.5文件

[root@rocky system]# find / -name 'libncurses*'
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3fb7443c046c5e12605b5b302406d5347826a4548a452a01d407d9795e53fd12/diff/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libncursesw.so.6
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3fb7443c046c5e12605b5b302406d5347826a4548a452a01d407d9795e53fd12/diff/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libncursesw.so.6.2
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3fb7443c046c5e12605b5b302406d5347826a4548a452a01d407d9795e53fd12/diff/usr/share/doc/libncursesw6
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3fb7443c046c5e12605b5b302406d5347826a4548a452a01d407d9795e53fd12/diff/var/lib/dpkg/info/libncursesw6:amd64.list
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3fb7443c046c5e12605b5b302406d5347826a4548a452a01d407d9795e53fd12/diff/var/lib/dpkg/info/libncursesw6:amd64.md5sums
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3fb7443c046c5e12605b5b302406d5347826a4548a452a01d407d9795e53fd12/diff/var/lib/dpkg/info/libncursesw6:amd64.shlibs
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3fb7443c046c5e12605b5b302406d5347826a4548a452a01d407d9795e53fd12/diff/var/lib/dpkg/info/libncursesw6:amd64.symbols
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3fb7443c046c5e12605b5b302406d5347826a4548a452a01d407d9795e53fd12/diff/var/lib/dpkg/info/libncursesw6:amd64.triggers
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3d2e79807fb70eacf5973c0fb225fa65b206e800c21bc271efd13372de16f6d5/diff/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libncurses.so.6
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3d2e79807fb70eacf5973c0fb225fa65b206e800c21bc271efd13372de16f6d5/diff/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libncurses.so.6.2
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3d2e79807fb70eacf5973c0fb225fa65b206e800c21bc271efd13372de16f6d5/diff/usr/share/doc/libncurses6
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3d2e79807fb70eacf5973c0fb225fa65b206e800c21bc271efd13372de16f6d5/diff/var/lib/dpkg/info/libncurses6:amd64.list
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3d2e79807fb70eacf5973c0fb225fa65b206e800c21bc271efd13372de16f6d5/diff/var/lib/dpkg/info/libncurses6:amd64.md5sums
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3d2e79807fb70eacf5973c0fb225fa65b206e800c21bc271efd13372de16f6d5/diff/var/lib/dpkg/info/libncurses6:amd64.shlibs
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3d2e79807fb70eacf5973c0fb225fa65b206e800c21bc271efd13372de16f6d5/diff/var/lib/dpkg/info/libncurses6:amd64.symbols
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3d2e79807fb70eacf5973c0fb225fa65b206e800c21bc271efd13372de16f6d5/diff/var/lib/dpkg/info/libncurses6:amd64.triggers
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5bd813739c6aa422af4cad9611ae5369ccc8e106a7c2e452b6c6502b03729c5a/diff/usr/lib64/libncurses++.so.5
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5bd813739c6aa422af4cad9611ae5369ccc8e106a7c2e452b6c6502b03729c5a/diff/usr/lib64/libncurses++.so.5.9
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5bd813739c6aa422af4cad9611ae5369ccc8e106a7c2e452b6c6502b03729c5a/diff/usr/lib64/libncurses++w.so.5
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5bd813739c6aa422af4cad9611ae5369ccc8e106a7c2e452b6c6502b03729c5a/diff/usr/lib64/libncurses++w.so.5.9
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5bd813739c6aa422af4cad9611ae5369ccc8e106a7c2e452b6c6502b03729c5a/diff/usr/lib64/libncurses.so.5
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5bd813739c6aa422af4cad9611ae5369ccc8e106a7c2e452b6c6502b03729c5a/diff/usr/lib64/libncurses.so.5.9
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5bd813739c6aa422af4cad9611ae5369ccc8e106a7c2e452b6c6502b03729c5a/diff/usr/lib64/libncursesw.so.5
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5bd813739c6aa422af4cad9611ae5369ccc8e106a7c2e452b6c6502b03729c5a/diff/usr/lib64/libncursesw.so.5.9
/usr/lib64/libncurses.so.6
/usr/lib64/libncurses.so.6.2
/usr/lib64/libncursesw.so.6
/usr/lib64/libncursesw.so.6.2
/usr/lib64/libncurses++w.so.6
/usr/lib64/libncurses++w.so.6.2
/usr/lib64/libncurses++.so.6
/usr/lib64/libncurses++.so.6.2

发现没有，但是有libncurses.so.6，那好办，创建一个软连接即可

[root@rocky system]# ln -s /usr/lib64/libncurses.so.6 /usr/lib64/libncurses.so.5

再次连接

[root@rocky system]# mysql -uroot -p'YTpUalgHq8;d'
mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libtinfo.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

发现又报错了，使用同样的方法

[root@rocky system]# find / -name 'libtinfo.so*'
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/dde0cd00f75c2a0de02ce10cb56219eb914eecfc2f6f3af9bd0eac78c4576686/diff/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.6
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/dde0cd00f75c2a0de02ce10cb56219eb914eecfc2f6f3af9bd0eac78c4576686/diff/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.6.2
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5bd813739c6aa422af4cad9611ae5369ccc8e106a7c2e452b6c6502b03729c5a/diff/usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.5
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5bd813739c6aa422af4cad9611ae5369ccc8e106a7c2e452b6c6502b03729c5a/diff/usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.5.9
/usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.6
/usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.6.2

发现有libtinfo.so.6 ，再次创建一个软连接

[root@rocky system]# ln -s /usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.6 /usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.5

再次登录

[root@rocky system]# mysql -uroot -p'YTpUalgHq8;d'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.37

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

成功。