String类

String类其实是对一个char[] 数组的封装。

底层数组

    private final char[] value;
    private int hash;   //default 0;

    public String(String original) {  //constructor
        this.value = original.value;
        this.hash = original.hash;
    }

    //重载构造器，for subString().
    public String(char value[], int offset, int count) {
        if (offset < 0) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset);
        }
        if (count <= 0) {
            if (count < 0) {
                throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(count);
            }
            if (offset <= value.length) {
                this.value = "".value;
                return;
            }
        }
        // Note: offset or count might be near -1>>>1.
        if (offset > value.length - count) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset + count);
        }
        this.value = Arrays.copyOfRange(value, offset, offset+count);
    }

常见API

    //判断空
    public boolean isEmpty(){
        return value.length == 0;
    }

    //返回长度
    public int length(){
        return value.length;
    }

    //返回指定位置的char
    public char charAt(int i){
        if (i < 0 || i >= value.length)  //判断下标是否越界
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(i);
        return value[i];
    }

    //数组截取
    public String subString(int begin, int end) {
        if (begin < 0)
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(begin);
        if (end > value.length)
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(end);
        int subLen = end - begin;
        if (subLen < 0)
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(subLen );
        return ((begin == 0) && (end == value.length)) ? this : 
            new String(value, begin, subLen);  //操作底层数组
    }

    //equals（）方法
    public boolean equals(Object anotherObj) {
        if (this == anotherObj)   //指向同一对象
            return true;  
        if (anotherObj instanceof String) {
            int n = value.length;
            if (n == anotherObj.value.length) {  //底层数组长度相同
                char1[] = value;
                char2[] = anotherObj.value;
                int i = 0;
                while (n-- != 0) {  //遍历比较每个char
                    if(char1[i] == char2[i])
                        return false;
                    i++
                }
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }