arm64内存访问指令小结

如下指令，用在32bit arm处理器上面是没有问题的，但是用在arm64时，就会出现下面这个data abort exception

led_on:
mov x7, #0x08000000
ldr x5, =0xff780004
ldr x3, =0xff780000
str x7, [x5]
str x7, [x3]
b led_on


"Synchronous Abort" handler, esr 0x96000061
* Relocate offset = 000000007fd12000
* ELR(PC)    =   ffffffff81a6e008
* LR         =   0000000000202090
* SP         =   000000007defba80

* ESR_EL2    =   0000000096000061
        EC[31:26] == 100101, Exception from a Data abort, from current exception level
        IL[25] == 1, 32-bit instruction trapped

* DAIF       =   00000000000003c0
        D[9] == 1, DBG masked
        A[8] == 1, ABORT masked
        I[7] == 1, IRQ masked
        F[6] == 1, FIQ masked

* SPSR_EL2   =   00000000600003c9
        D[9] == 1, DBG masked
        A[8] == 1, ABORT masked
        I[7] == 1, IRQ masked
        F[6] == 1, FIQ masked
        M[4] == 0, Exception taken from AArch64
        M[3:0] == 1001, EL2h

* SCTLR_EL2  =   0000000030c50830
        I[12] == 0, Icache disabled
        C[2] == 0, Dcache disabled
        M[0] == 0, MMU disabled

* HCR_EL2    =   000000000800003a
* VBAR_EL2   =   000000007ff12800
* TTBR0_EL2  =   000000007fff0000

x0 : 00000000081ef000 x1 : 0000000000000000
x2 : 0000000000000000 x3 : 00000000ff780004
x4 : 0000000000880000 x5 : 0000000000000001
x6 : 0000000000000008 x7 : 0000000008000000
x8 : 000000007df3efc0 x9 : 0000010000000000
x10: 000000000a200023 x11: 0000000000000002
x12: 0000000000000002 x13: 000000007defbb2c
x14: 00000000081ef000 x15: 000000007ff135a8
x16: 0000000000000002 x17: 00000000081ffc27
x18: 000000007df09df8 x19: 0000000000000400
x20: 000000007ffb2da8 x21: 0000000000000000
x22: 0000000000000003 x23: 000000007df16f68
x24: 000000007ffa1090 x25: 0000000000000000
x26: 000000007ff14034 x27: 0000000000000400
x28: 000000007df16310 x29: 000000007defbc60

反汇编查看一下, 查看armv8a的参考手册，发现执行ldr, str时，实际上是按照64-bit来访存的， 详细信息如下：

mnlife@ubuntu:/tftpboot$ aarch64-linux-gnu-objdump -d a.out 

a.out:     file format elf64-littleaarch64


Disassembly of section .text:

0000000000000000 <led_on>:
   0:	d2a10007 	mov	x7, #0x8000000             	// #134217728
   4:	580000a5 	ldr	x5, 18 <led_on+0x18>
   8:	580000c3 	ldr	x3, 20 <led_on+0x20>
   c:	f9000067 	str	x7, [x3]
  10:	f90000a7 	str	x7, [x5]
  14:	17fffffb 	b	0 <led_on>
  18:	ff780000 	.word	0xff780000
  1c:	00000000 	.word	0x00000000
  20:	ff780004 	.word	0xff780004
  24:	00000000 	.word	0x00000000

对比手册发现实际上64bit的str指令，当使用Wt寄存器时，是按照64bit来存取的，故将汇编代码更改为如下, ok, 成功点亮led

led_on:
mov x7, #0x08000000
ldr x5, =0xff780000
ldr x3, =0xff780004
str w7, [x3]
str w7, [x5]
b led_on