视频编解码——C语言实现霍夫曼编码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
//#include <iostream>
 
#define MAXBIT      100
#define MAXVALUE  10000
#define MAXLEAF     30
#define MAXNODE    MAXLEAF*2 -1
 
typedef struct 
{
    int bit[MAXBIT];
    int start;
} HCodeType;        /* 编码结构体 */
typedef struct
{
    int weight;
    int parent;
    int lchild;
    int rchild;
    char value;
} HNodeType;        /* 结点结构体 */
 
/* 构造一颗哈夫曼树 */
void HuffmanTree (HNodeType HuffNode[MAXNODE],  int n)
{ 
    /* i、j： 循环变量，m1、m2：构造哈夫曼树不同过程中两个最小权值结点的权值，
    *                  x1、x2：构造哈夫曼树不同过程中两个最小权值结点在数组中的序号。*/
    int i, j, m1, m2, x1, x2;
    /* 初始化存放哈夫曼树数组 HuffNode[] 中的结点 */
    for (i=0; i<2*n-1; i++)
    {
        HuffNode[i].weight = 0;//权值 
        HuffNode[i].parent =-1;
        HuffNode[i].lchild =-1;
        HuffNode[i].rchild =-1;
        HuffNode[i].value=' '; //实际值，可根据情况替换为字母  
    } /* end for */
 
    /* 输入 n 个叶子结点的权值 */
    for (i=0; i<n; i++)
    {
        printf ("Please input char of %d leaf node: ", i);
        scanf ("%c",&HuffNode[i].value);
 
        getchar();
    } /* end for */
    for (i=0; i<n; i++)
    {
        printf ("Please input  weight of %d leaf node: ", i);
        scanf ("%d",&HuffNode[i].weight);
 
        getchar();
    } /* end for */

    /* 循环构造 Huffman 树 */
    for (i=0; i<n-1; i++)
    {
        m1=m2=MAXVALUE;     /* m1、m2中存放两个无父结点且结点权值最小的两个结点 */
        x1=x2=0;
        /* 找出所有结点中权值最小、无父结点的两个结点，并合并之为一颗二叉树 */
        for (j=0; j<n+i; j++)
        {
            if (HuffNode[j].weight < m1 && HuffNode[j].parent==-1)
            {
                m2=m1; 
                x2=x1; 
                m1=HuffNode[j].weight;
                x1=j;
            }
            else if (HuffNode[j].weight < m2 && HuffNode[j].parent==-1)
            {
                m2=HuffNode[j].weight;
                x2=j;
            }
        } /* end for */
        /* 设置找到的两个子结点 x1、x2 的父结点信息 */
        HuffNode[x1].parent  = n+i;
        HuffNode[x2].parent  = n+i;
        HuffNode[n+i].weight = HuffNode[x1].weight + HuffNode[x2].weight;
        HuffNode[n+i].lchild = x1;
        HuffNode[n+i].rchild = x2;
 
        printf ("x1.weight and x2.weight in round %d: %d, %d\n", i+1, HuffNode[x1].weight, HuffNode[x2].weight);  /* 用于测试 */
        printf ("\n");
    } /* end for */
 
} /* end HuffmanTree */
 
//解码 
void decodeing(char string[],HNodeType Buf[],int Num)
{
    int i,tmp=0,code[1024];
    int m=2*Num-1;
    char *nump;
    char num[1024];
    for(i=0;i<strlen(string);i++)
    {
        if(string[i]=='0')
            num[i]=0;        
        else
            num[i]=1;                    
    } 
    i=0;
    nump=&num[0];
 
    while(nump<(&num[strlen(string)]))
    {tmp=m-1;
    while((Buf[tmp].lchild!=-1)&&(Buf[tmp].rchild!=-1))
    {
        if(*nump==0)
        {
            tmp=Buf[tmp].lchild ;          
        } 
        else tmp=Buf[tmp].rchild;
        nump++;
 
    } 
    printf("%c",Buf[tmp].value);                                  
    }
}
 
int main(void)
{
 
    HNodeType HuffNode[MAXNODE];            /* 定义一个结点结构体数组 */
    HCodeType HuffCode[MAXLEAF],  cd;       /* 定义一个编码结构体数组， 同时定义一个临时变量来存放求解编码时的信息 */
    int i, j, c, p, n;
    char pp[100];
    printf ("Please input n:\n");
    scanf ("%d", &n);
    HuffmanTree (HuffNode, n);
 
    for (i=0; i < n; i++)
    {
        cd.start = n-1;
        c = i;
        p = HuffNode[c].parent;
        while (p != -1)   /* 父结点存在 */
        {
            if (HuffNode[p].lchild == c)
                cd.bit[cd.start] = 0;
            else
                cd.bit[cd.start] = 1;
            cd.start--;        /* 求编码的低一位 */
            c=p;                    
            p=HuffNode[c].parent;    /* 设置下一循环条件 */
        } /* end while */
 
        /* 保存求出的每个叶结点的哈夫曼编码和编码的起始位 */
        for (j=cd.start+1; j<n; j++)
        { HuffCode[i].bit[j] = cd.bit[j];}
        HuffCode[i].start = cd.start;
    } /* end for */
 
    /* 输出已保存好的所有存在编码的哈夫曼编码 */
    for (i=0; i<n; i++)
    {
        printf ("%d 's Huffman code is: ", i);
        for (j=HuffCode[i].start+1; j < n; j++)
        {
            printf ("%d", HuffCode[i].bit[j]);
        }
        printf(" start:%d",HuffCode[i].start);
 
        printf ("\n");
 
    }
    printf("Decoding?Please Enter code:\n");
    scanf("%s",&pp);
    decodeing(pp,HuffNode,n);
    getchar();
    return 0;
}